语言接触视角下的清末民初新加坡华文报章时点时间词研究

On the time-point words in Chinese newspapers in Singapore during the years of Late-Qing Times and the early years of the Republic of China:From the perspective of language contact

时点时间词主要包括日期时间词、星期时间词、钟点时间词和一般时间词,每一类时点时间词又有具体而复杂的表现形式。清末民初新加坡华文报章的时间词的历时变化基本都经历了这样一个过程:先出现一种或两种表现形式,继而出现新的形式,但新形式使用频率不高,此后新旧两种形式同时使用,最后有一种表现形式成为主要形式,其他形式则使用频率减少或者基本不再出现。除了政治与经济原因外,引起清末民初新加坡华文报章时点时间词历时变化的原因主要是语言接触过程中的语码转换与语码混用。清末民初新加坡华文报章中存在英语、汉语方言、近代汉语官话、华语和马来语等多种语码,不同语码间的转换有句内转换也有句间转换,通常先出现句内转换,然后是句内转换和句间转换同时存在,再到以句间转换为主,是一种顺畅转换和词汇趋同型转换。

In Chinese newspapers in Singapore during the years of Late-Qing Times and the early years of the Republic of China,the time-point words mainly include date words,week words,hour words and general time words.Each type of time-point words has its concrete and rich forms of expression.The diachronic changes in these temporal words have gone through such a process in which one or two forms of an expression appear first,then new forms of the expression appear,but without a high frequency of use.Next,the new and old forms are used simultaneously.Finally one form of expression becomes the major form of expression,while the other has reduced frequency of use or basically no longer appears.Besides the influence of politics and economy,this diachronic change in temporal words is a result of code switching and code mixing in the process of language contact.There are a variety of codes in the Singaporean society,including English,Chinese dialects,modern Chinese Mandarin and Bahasa Melayu,which exert different impacts on the diachronic development of time point words in modern Chinese newspapers in Singapore from the final years of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic of China.The different code switching of time point words with the same syntax structure includes inner-sentence switching and inter-sentence switching,a smooth switching and vocabulary convergence type switching.Usually,inner-sentence switching appears first,then inner-sentence switching and inter-sentence switching coexist and finally inter-sentence switching becomes dominant.