尼采的“生成意志”与本原问题

Nietzsche's Will to Power and the Question of Origin

在传统形而上学中,同一性本原主导着人们对本原问题的看法。尼采在现代思想的视野中对本原问题进行了全新的发掘。在尼采看来,本原的本意就是指生成的根据,它要回答的是生成何以可能的问题,他用"生成意志"来指称这一本原。尼采持有一种差异本原观:差异因素及其关系被当成决定存在物本性的关键因素。生成意志作为一种发自于生命体之内的生命冲动,表达了由内而外发出的一种趋向;生成意志不可能单独存在,它必定要在与其它生成意志的关系中才能存在;这种关系即为抗争。抗争关系中所呈现出来的差异除了生成意志的"量"以外,还有它的"质"。并不存在一个外在的目的作为生成意志及其关系的根据,抗争是对生成意志之间差异的肯定。生成意志通过生成一系列的意义而实现对存在物的世界的规定。

In traditional metaphysics,the identical origin dominates people’s views on the question of origin.Nietzsche explored the question of origin in vision of modernity.In Nietzsche’s philosophy,the origin refers to the basic impelling power of becoming,which is to answer the question“how is becoming possible”;and he used the word“will to power”to express the origin.Nietzsche held a view of origin as difference.The factors as difference and their relationship become the essential factors determining the nature of things.Will to power,as a kind of life-impulse from the body of life,expresses a trend from inside to outside;will to power cannot exist alone;it must exist in the relationship with other will to power.Struggle is the very relationship.The difference presented in the struggle is not only the quantity of will to power,but also its quality.There is no external purpose as to the basis of will to power and its relationship;struggle is the affirming of the difference of will to power.Will to power determines the world of beings by becoming various meaning.