实习护士职业暴露原因分析及防控对策

Cause Analysis and Prevention Countermeasures of Occupational Exposure for Practice Nurses

目的了解实习护士职业暴露特点,分析其发生原因,探讨防控对策,减少实习护士职业暴露的发生。方法统计分析2014年4月~2016年12月46例实习护士职业暴露登记表,对其暴露地点、方式、时机、暴露源、局部处理及随访结果进行统计分析。结果实习护士职业暴露高发于内科病房,占36.95%;损伤类别以锐器伤为主,占95.65%;拔针、清理废物是易发环节分别占65.21%、17.39%;乙型肝炎是高危暴露源占54.35%;暴露后及时正确处置率为95.65%;58.70%的实习护士自身没有乙肝抗体。结论针对实习护士职业暴露高危因素,加强职业暴露防护培训,提高职业安全意识,正确实施标准预防,规范操作规程,合理使用防护用品,是切实有效降低职业暴露风险的重要环节。

Objective To understand the occupational exposure characteristics of practical nurses,analyze their causes,discuss prevention and control strategies,and reduce the occurrence of occupational nurses'occupational exposure.Methods From April 2014 to December 2016,the occupational exposure registration forms of 46 intern nurses were statistically analyzed.The location,mode,timing,source,local treatment and follow-up results were analyzed.Results The occupational exposure of internship nurses was high in the internal medicine ward,accounting for 36.95%,the main injury category was sharp instrument injury,accounting for 95.65%,and 65.21%and 17.39%of the easy links were extracted and cleaned up,54.35%of the high-risk exposure sources were hepatitis B,and the correct treatment rate was 95.65%after exposure,and 58.70%of the practice nurses themselves did not have HBV antibody.Conclusion According to the occupational nurses'high risk factors of occupational exposure,strengthening occupational exposure protection training,raising awareness of occupational safety,correctly implementing standard prevention,standardizing operating procedures,and using protective equipment reasonably are important links for effectively reducing occupational exposure risk.