摘要
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process directly related to human health and various diseases.Autophagy helps cells under stress to cope with severe metabolic demand by degradation of basic cellular components.Diverse physiological or pathological changes may lead to endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.In response to ER stress,BiP disassociates from sensor proteins PERK,ATF6,and IRE1 and then the unfolded protein response(UPR)is activated.The UPR essentially aims at reestablishing proper ER homeostasis and eventually induces autophagy and apoptosis during acute or persistent ER stress.
