二里头绿松石龙牌、铜牌与夏禹、萬舞的关系

Turqouise Mosaic Dragon Board and Plaques from Erlitou Exhibiting the Icon of Xia Yu and Wan Dancing

二里头宫城内2002VM3随葬绿松石龙,很可能是宗庙祭祀时抱于怀中的绿松石龙牌,它是"禹"的化身仪仗。宗庙祭祀时,由2002VM3墓主之类的伶官手持龙牌、系铜铃、戴羽冠跳舞时,它则是萬舞的道具。二里头文化二期偏晚至四期,绿松石铜牌饰取代绿松石龙牌继续作为"禹"的化身仪仗和萬舞的核心道具。古文"夏"字表现的是跳萬舞的人,因此手执绿松石龙牌或铜牌仪仗祭祀"禹"、同时戴羽冠舞动龙牌或铜牌跳萬舞的"中国之人"被称为"夏人"。

The turquoise mosaic dragon board from the Tomb 2002VM3 in the courtyard of the Palace Enclosure at Erlitou site,might have served as the icon of King Yu(禹)when it was embraced in one??s chest during the ceremony in the shine.It could also work as the principle equipment of Wan Dancing(萬舞)which was performed by the musical officer in the shrine ceremony,combined with bronze bell and feather headgear.From the late of the Second period to the Fourth period of Erlitou Culture,the turquoise mosaic plaques replaced the turquoise mosaic dragon board,to act as the symbolic icon of King Yu,and the principle equipment of Wan Dancing.The archaic character of Xia(夏)depicted the profile of Wan dancer.Given this,the people of the Central State(中国之人)who worshiped King Yu by holding its icons,wearing feather headdress,and waving the turquoise mosaic dragon board or the turquoise mosaic plaques to perform Wan Dancing,were considered as Xia people(夏人)