清代淮河上游地区的陂塘水利及其水利组织演变研究——以河南省固始县为对象

The Upper Reaches of Huai River's Water Conservancy Organization and Local Society in Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of Hezhang Institution in Gushi County

河南固始县位于淮河上游地区,清初固始陂塘水利系统维护的重点由筑造闸坝,转而为疏浚河道,与此相适应,水利基层组织的权力中心由闸长变为河长。官府将水利修筑事务不断委任、分派给基层人员,加之士绅不断的城居化,乾隆后期河长逐渐揽权。经过同治时期的整顿,河长失势。固始水利组织演变可以透析固始的乡村社会结构的变动情形。

Gushi county locate in the southeast of Henan Province.Because of changes in Gushi water ecology,water conservancy construction focused from building the dam to dredge the river.And the power of the water conservancy organization changed from Zhazhang to Hezhang.Hezhang gradually mastered power when the government had appointed and assigned grass-roots person,and the gentry continued to live in the city in Qianlong Period.After Fu Shoutong reorganized the water affairs of Gushi,Hezhang turned powerless.Through the investigation of the water conservancy organization centered on the Hezhang,this paper analyzed the change of rural social structure in Gushi.