论日语语音对应与语音演变规律

On Rules in Japanese Language Phonetic Correspondence and Phonological Change

本文对日本本土方言的五元音与冲绳方言的三元音进行了全面梳理,同时利用日汉对音资料考察了三元音发生的时期,明确了三元音在日语语音史中的地位。本文认为:本土方言与冲绳方言的分化应始于日本中世,三元音化现象应该在17世纪末至18世纪完成;e?i的演变与エ段音腭化现象有关;o?u的演变与オ段长音有关。

In the Japanese local dialect,the sound“i”,“e”and“u”,“o”correspond with“i”and“u”in the dialect of Okinawa,which results in a different pattern of vowels inventory in these two main dialects.The paper tends to give a fully description of them by sorting out the relations of five-vowels in local Japanese dia-lects and 3-Vowel in the dialect of Okinawa.Meanwhile,the paper tries to decide the time of 3-Vowel appear-ance by cross-checking the mutual Sino-Japanese sound influence,and puts forward an interpretation for the causes of the elevation of vowels.This interpretation offers a tentative conclusion that the status of the 3-Vowel in the phonological history of Japanese language should be clearly recognized.The paper considers that the divi-sion of Japanese local dialect and Okinawa dialect must have begun in the Middle Ages of Japan and the phe-nomenon of sound changes from the former sounds to 3-Vowel must have been ended by the end of 17th to 18th century as the phonetic change of e>i is related with the phenomenon of palatalization o“e^dan,and o>u is re-lated with the prolonged sound o“o^dan in the Japanese language.