大气环境热点网格遥感筛选方法研究

Research on the Method for remote sensing Screening of atmospheric environment hotspot grid

为筛选京津冀及周边地区的大气环境热点网格,在卫星遥感反演获取区域灰霾天数、PM_(2.5)、NO_2和SO_2浓度等大气环境四项遥感监测因子的基础上,首先利用分形求和模型确定了研究区域的四项指标的背景值和标准值,然后根据ORAQI计算方式提出一种大气环境遥感综合污染指数,并提取了大气环境热点网格,最后结合高分辨率卫星数据对热点网格的工业用地情况进行初步探讨分析.结果表明,2016年京津冀及周边地区各项大气污染物的局部分布特征表现出较大差异,不同地区的主要污染物不尽相同并且呈多项污染物复合污染的特征,利用分形统计模型确定灰霾天数、PM_(2.5)、NO_2和SO_2浓度的背景值分别为10.7d、57.5μg/m^3、515.7×10^(13)mole/cm^2和0.29DU,标准值分别为22.2d、112.2μg/m^3、2073.1×10^(13)mole/cm^2和0.64DU.大气环境遥感综合污染指数表明大气环境综合污染相对最重的地区主要分布在保定中部、石家庄中北部及邢台南部和邯郸北部交界处,该区域共筛选出1782个大气环境热点网格,其中工业用地面积占比较低的网格单元比例相对较大,这表明小型企业生产排放对当地的大气环境质量影响较大.

In order to select the atmospheric environment hotspot grids in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding regions,the monthly haze days and mass concentions of the PM2.5、NO2、SO2 were retrieved using satellite observation.Based on the retrieved results of these four items,firstly,the fractal summation model was used to get the atmospheric background value and the standard for the study areas.Secondly,a kind of comprehensive pollution index of atmospheric environment remote sensing was developed by using of the ORAQI calculation method.Then the hotspot grids were selected out from the spatial distribution of the annual averaged comprehensive pollution index of atmospheric environment remote sensing.Finally,the situation of the industrial land in each hotspot grid were discussed using high resolution satellite data.The results showed that the local spatial distribution of the yearly haze days and annual mass concentions of the PM2.5、NO2、SO2 varied considerably.And the main air pollutants in different parts were quite different and had the characteristics of complexed pollution.The atmospheric background values of monthly haze days and averaged mass concentions of the PM2.5、NO2、SO2 were 10.7days、57.5μg/m^3、515.7×10^13mole/cm^2 and 0.29DU respectively,when the standard values were 22.2days、112.2μg/m^3、2073.1×10^13mole/cm^2 and 0.64DU.The comprehensive pollution index of atmospheric environment remote sensing showed that the most serious air polluted areas were distributed in central Baoding,north of Shijiazhuang,the south of Xingtai and the northern border of Handan.Then total 1782 hotspot grids were selected out from the spatial distribution of the annual averaged comprehensive pollution index of atmospheric environment remote sensing,including large proportion of small-scale industrial land area,which showed the emissions of small enterprises had a great influence on the local air quality.