“后理论”的文学走向及其新型写作可能

The Literary Trend of “Post-theory” and Its New Writing Forms

风行半个多世纪至今的"理论",揭示出形而上学自明性在述事中掩藏述行的实质。说掩藏是因为虚构无法被排除在述行语理论之外,其作为述行/述事的佯装一体有待于祛魅。又由于虚构体现着语言作为符号系统的替代本性,述行/述事的分岔便是话语内在固有的,"理论"在揭露这种分岔的同时也便面临着自我解构:相信它所说的内容,便意味着不能轻易接受它。这个悖论使"理论"逐渐引发反思并进而引出"后理论"。"后理论"承认述行与述事的分岔,又努力让这种分岔成为建构而非解构的力量。这两方面的结合顺应着文学作为符号陌生化操作的性质,是文学善于和乐于为之的。"后理论"由此必然走向文学,不再流于大写化的文化批评理论,而在"解构—建构"这一新型写作形态中实现文学理论的新生,包括将述行视点同时展出给述事、以主动使之获得观看框架的因缘写作,与意识到述行视点相对性而主动更新视点的转义写作等。我国学界在这一走向上获得的本土化契机,是相应地考虑杂文等写作对"后理论"的智慧贡献,以及沿此以进的中国故事与"后理论"的联结前景。

The practice of“theory”,which has been popular for more than half a century,reveals that the metaphysical self-evidence performativity is essentially concealed in constativity.A theory of performativity cannot exclude fiction,which as the pretending unity of performativity and constativity is to be disenchanted.As fiction embodies the substitution nature of language as a symbol system,the bifurcation of performativity and constativity is inherent in discourse.Therefore,a“theory”is self-deconstructive when it reveals such bifurcation:If we believe what it says,then we cannot accept it easily.It is this paradox that gradually leads to reflection on the practice of“theory”and then“post-theory”.A“post-theory”not only admits the bifurcation of performativity and constativity,but also makes it constructive rather than deconstructive.Literary writing is good at such practice and willing to perform it,since the combination of these two aspects is in line with the nature of literature as symbolic defamiliarization.In this sense,the practice of“post-theory”must be literary writing instead of any theory of capitalized cultural criticism.The rebirth of a literary theory must lie in the new forms of“deconstructive-constructive”writing,including involved writing,which reveals performativtiy to constativity so that the latter actively establishes its observation framework,and tropological writing,which actively turns to a new perspective when realizing the relativity of a performative point of view.This brings us an opportunity of localization if we correspondently examine possible contribution of zawen essays to“post-theory”and possible combination of Chinese stories and“post-theory”.