湘西州花垣烟区植烟土壤肥力适宜性评价及影响因素

Suitability Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Soil Fertility in Tobacco Growing Areas of Huayuan County, Xiangxi Prefecture

【目的】为了解花垣县植烟土壤肥力水平,为花垣烟区科学施肥提供建议。【方法】采用GPS技术在花垣烟区采集160个土壤样本,测定其养分含量,在GIS技术和地统计学的基础上运用模糊数学方法计算土壤肥力适宜性指数(SFI值),对花垣烟区土壤肥力适宜性进行综合评价并分析其影响因素。【结果】(1)花垣植烟土壤碱解氮、交换性钙和交换性镁含量适宜,有效磷和有效硫含量极高,速效钾含量丰富,全氮和有机质含量偏高,而土壤p H值偏低,氯离子含量极低。(2)土壤SFI均值为0.58,土壤肥力状况一般,各乡镇土壤肥力适宜性表现出雅桥>道二>麻栗场>雅酉>排碧>长乐>花垣乡>排料>补抽>董马库>吉卫的趋势。(3)花垣烟区植烟土壤肥力水平表现为优的区域极少,仅占0.18%,表现为良的区域占14.77%,表现为中等的区域占30.62%,表现为一般的区域占44.52%,表现为差的区域占9.91%。(4)前茬作物为烟草和玉米的土壤SFI值显著大于前茬作物为水稻的,不同前作的植烟土壤在养分含量上有明显的差异。(5)SFI值表现出随着海拔的升高而变小的趋势。【结论】花垣烟区植烟土壤基本适宜烤烟的生产。针对研究区域不同乡镇的植烟土壤养分状况与土壤肥力特征,建议全县合理控制氮的施肥量、提高磷肥的利用率和施用含氯钾肥。对土壤酸化的乡镇,如排碧、董马库和花垣乡,建议施用石灰、白云石或其他碱性肥料对其土壤进行定向改良。

[Purpose]In order to know the fertility level of tobacco planting soil in Huayuan County,some suggestions were put forward for scientific fertilization in Huayuan tobacco growing area.[Method]160 soil samples were collected from Huahuan County by adopting GPS technology,the nutrients content were tested.Suitability index of soil fertility(SFI)was calculated using fuzzy mathematics method on the foundation of GIS technology and statistics.The soil fertility suitability comprehensive evaluation of tobacco growth area and its influences was analyzed.[Result]1)The soil alkali solution nitrogen,exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents of Huahuan County tobacco growth area were appropriate,effective phosphorus and sulfur contents were extremely high,rapidly-available potassium content was rich,total nitrogen and organic matter contents on the high side,and the soil pH was low,the chloride ion content was very low.2)The SFI of Huahuan County tobacco cultivating soil reached a mean value of 0.58,normal soil fertility conditions,the soil fertility suitability among townships showed up as Yaqiao>Daoer>Malichang>Yayou>Paibi>Changle>Huahuan>Pailiao>Buchou>Dongmaku>Jiwei.3)Few area in Huahuan County,only 0.18%,manifested excellent SFI,fairly fine occupied 14.77%,middle level accounted for 30.62%,general area accounted for 44.52%,for poor area accounted for 9.91%.4)The SFI of those whose preceding crop were tobacco and maize crop was significantly greater than that of rice crop.There were significant differences in nutrient content of tobacco planting soils in different ways.5)The SFI of tobacco planting area decreased with the increase of altitude.[Conclusion]The tobacco planting soil is suitable for tobacco production in Huayuan tobacco growing area.According to the characteristics of tobacco planting soil nutrient status and soil fertility of different regional towns,it is suggested to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and use the chloride potassium fertilizer.For soil acidification townships,such as Paibi,Dongmaku and Huayuan Counties,it is suggested that lime,dolomite or other alkaline fertilizers be used for directional improvement of soil.