云南省典型高原湖泊流域耕地自然质量等空间分布特征研究

Research on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Arable Land Natural Quality Grade of Representative Plateau Lake Basins in Yunnan Province

【目的】为了解高原湖泊流域耕地利用情况,为流域耕地保护、农业结构优化和生态环境改善提供科学依据。【方法】采用空间分析、统计分析等方法,对滇池、洱海和抚仙湖三大高原湖泊流域耕地自然质量等在不同尺度上的空间分布特征进行研究。【结果】(1)流域尺度:滇池流域耕地等别以7~9等、13~15等为主,等级以中等为主;洱海流域耕地等别以6~7等、14~15等为主,各等级分布相差不大;抚仙湖流域耕地等别以8~9等、15~16等为主,等级以中等为主。(2)县域尺度:滇池、洱海和抚仙湖三大湖泊流域耕地主要分布在昆明主城、大理市和澄江县,平均等最高的区县分别为昆明主城(12.6等)、宾川县(15.9等)和江川县(11.8等)。【结论】三湖流域耕地等别都呈"双峰值"特征,峰值范围主要在6~9等、13~16等之间,谷值范围主要在10~12等之间,洱海流域低、中、高等地分布较均匀,其余两大流域均以中等地为主;中、高等地大多分布在流域内的缓坡丘陵或河谷平坝地区。

[Purpose]Our aim was to understand the utilization of arable land in the plateau lake basin and to provide a scientific basis for the protection of arable land,the optimization of agricultural structure and the improvement of ecological environment.[Method]Based on the methods of spatial analysis and statistical analysis,the spatial distribution characteristics of arable land quality grade in Dianchi Lake,Erhai Lake and Fuxian Lake were studied on different scales.[Result](1)From the perspective of the basin scale,the arable land natural quality grades in Dianchi Lake basin are mainly composed of 7-9 and 13-15,grade is dominated by medium rank;the arable land natural quality grade in Erhai Lake basin is mainly composed of 6-7 and 14-15,low grade,medium grade and high grade distributions are not much different;the arable land natural quality grade in Fuxian Lake basin is mainly composed of 8-9 and 15-16,grade is dominated by medium rank.(2)From the county scale,the arable lands of Dianchi Lake,Erhai Lake and Fuxian Lake basins are mainly distributed in the main city of Kunming,Dali City and Chengjiang County,the highest average grade of the districts and counties are the main city of Kunming(12.6),Binchuan County(15.9)and Jiangchuan County(11.8).[Conclusion]The arable land natural quality grades of three lake basins are“double peak”features,peak range mainly in the 6-9,13-16,valley range is mainly between 10-12,low grade,medium grade and high grade distribution even more uniform in Erhai Lake basin,the other two major lake basins are mainly medium grade;Medium grade and high grade mostly distribute in the gentle slope hills or valley and dam area.