SPF鸡粪菌移植对雏鸡肠道菌群和大肠杆菌抗药性的影响

Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from SPF Chickens on Intestinal Flora and E. coli Resistance to Antibiotics in Chicks

兽用抗生素的广泛使用引起肠道细菌严重的抗药性和菌群生态紊乱,并可能导致抗药性人畜共患病原菌的传播,给公共卫生带来严峻挑战,因此通过粪菌移植从动物源头降低肠道菌群的抗药性势在必行。本试验首先通过16S rDNA高通量测序技术比较粪菌移植供体SPF蛋鸡及普通商品肉鸡的粪便菌群,然后经泄殖腔滴注方式接种1日龄SPF雏鸡,于7日龄和35日龄测定移植后受体粪便菌群的微生物组,用琼脂稀释法测定移植前后肠道指示菌株大肠杆菌的抗药性水平。结果表明,商品肉鸡粪便菌群拥有更高的多样性,而SPF蛋鸡粪便菌群组成更为均一。除了共同拥有较多的厚壁菌门细菌,商品肉鸡还含有较多的拟杆菌门细菌而SPF蛋鸡则含有较多的变形菌门细菌。在属水平上,商品肉鸡的优势菌属是粪栖杆菌属、拟杆菌属和别样杆菌属,而SPF蛋鸡的优势菌属为肠球菌属、埃希-志贺菌属以及克雷伯氏杆菌属。药敏试验结果表明,SPF蛋鸡拥有对抗生素极为敏感的菌群,商品肉鸡拥有较高的抗生素抗药性菌群。将两组粪便菌群移植给新生雏鸡后,抗药性水平得到传递。该结果说明通过SPF鸡粪菌移植雏鸡,能安全地从源头降低肠道菌群抗药性,抵抗家禽养殖环境中高抗药性病原菌的侵害,为遏制动物源细菌抗药性提供一种新的解决方法。

The widespread use of veterinary antibiotics causes serious bacterial resistance and gut bacterial ecological disturbance,as well as the spread of antibiotic-resistant zoonotic pathogens,which posing a serious challenge to public health.Therefore,it is imperatived to reduce the gut bacterial resistance from the source of animals through fecal micorbiota transplantation(FMT).Firstly,the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the fecal microbiota of SPF laying hens and ordinary commercial broilers to select appropriate donor.Then one-day-old SPF chicks were inoculated by cloaca inoculation,and analysis of fecal microbiota was conducted at the 7-and 35-day-age respectively after transplantation.Furthermore,the agar dilution method was used to determine the level of antibiotic resistance of the intestinal indicator strain E.coli before and post transplantation.The results showed that the fecal microbiota of commercial broilers had higher alpha diversity,while that of SPF laying hens was more uniform.In addition to sharing the same Firmicutes in common,commercial broilers had more Bacteroidetes and SPF laying hens had more Proteobacteria.At the genus level,the dominant genus of commercial broilers were Faecalibacterium,Bacteroides and Alistipes,while SPF laying hens were Enterococcus,Eich-Shigella and Klebsiella.The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that E.coli strains of SPF laying hens were very sensitive to testing antibiotics,while commercial broilers had a higher antibiotic-resistant flora.After the two groups of fecal microbiota were transplanted into newborn chicks,the level of antibiotic resistance was transferred.These results suggested that FMT from SPF chickens to chicks could safely reduce the intestinal bacterial resistance from source and resist the invading of the high-resistant pathogenic bacteria in the poultry breeding environments,which providing a new solution to repress the bacterial resistance of animals.