测墒补灌调节土壤相对含水量对小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性及籽粒产量的影响

Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Soil Relative Water Content on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Wheat Flag Leaves and Grain Yield

为明确拔节期和开花期土壤相对含水量对小麦开花后旗叶荧光特性及籽粒产量的影响,于2016—2017年小麦生长季,选用主推品种济麦22为材料,在田间试验条件下,设置3个处理,即全生育期不灌水(W0)、拔节期和开花期0~40 cm土层均测墒补灌至土壤相对含水量为70%(W1)或80%(W2),研究不同土壤相对含水量对小麦开花后旗叶叶绿素荧光特性、籽粒灌浆速率以及籽粒产量影响。结果表明:(1)开花后7、14 d和21 d,旗叶叶绿素相对含量为W1﹥W2﹥W0;开花后14、21 d和28 d,W1处理旗叶相对电子传递效率(ETR)、实际光化学效率(φPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)均显著高于W0和W2处理。(2)W1和W2处理籽粒灌浆速率于开花后7、14 d和21 d无显著差异,花后28、35 d为W1﹥W2。(3)W1处理的籽粒产量、水分利用效率和灌溉效益最高。本试验条件下,采用测墒补灌方法,拔节期和开花期土壤相对含水量均为70%是小麦节水高产的最佳灌水处理。

Taking Jimai 22 as experiment material,a field experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of soil relative water content at jointing and anthesis stages on flag leaves chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics after anthesis,grain filling rate and grain yield of wheat in 2016-2017.According to the water content of 0~40-cm soil layers,three treatments were designed,which were W0(zero-irrigation during growth stages),W1(irrigating until the relative moisture of 0~40-cm soil reaching to 70%both at jointing and anthesis stages)and W2(irrigating until the relative moisture of 0~40-cm soil reaching to 80%both at jointing and anthesis stages).The results were as follows.(1)On the 7th,14th and 21th day after anthesis,the chlorophyll content was W1﹥W2﹥W0;on the 14th,21th and 28th day after anthesis,the electron transport rate,actual photochemical efficiency,photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence,and the maximum photochemical efficiency of W1 were significantly higher than those of W0 and W2.(2)The grain filling rate of W1 and W2 showed no significant differences on the 7th,14th and 21th day after anthesis,but the grain filling rate of W1 was higher than that of W2 on the 28th and 35th day after anthesis.(3)W1 treatment had the highest yield,water use efficiency and irrigation efficiency.In this experiment,through supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement,70%of soil relative water content at jointing and anthesis stages was the best irrigation treatment for water saving and high yield of wheat.