不同耕作模式对土壤肥力和小麦产量的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Modes on Soil Fertility and Wheat Yield

采用一种小麦田保护性耕作模式(免耕覆盖)与两种传统耕作模式(深松覆盖、传统耕作)长期定位试验,对山东省济南市小麦玉米连作栽培模式小麦季的土壤水分和产量进行研究。结果表明:小麦全生育期,免耕覆盖处理的土壤含水量明显高于深松覆盖和传统耕作处理,传统耕作不覆盖土壤含水量最低;小麦田土壤养分,免耕覆盖栽培模式下土壤表层中有机质、全氮、速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均高于深松覆盖和传统耕作处理,与传统耕作差异显著;免耕覆盖处理的土壤酶活性,与传统耕作、深耕覆盖没有明显提高;小麦产量,免耕覆盖处理增产效果明显,比传统耕作和深耕覆盖分别增产14.63%和5.07%,与传统耕作相比差异显著。

The soil moisture and yield in the wheat season of wheat-maize rotation were studied in Jinan City,Shandong Province,through long-term located experiments of one conservation tillage mode(no-tillage with mulch)and two different traditional tillage modes(subsoiling and mulch tillage and conventional tillage).The results showed that the soil moisture of no-tillage with mulch was higher than that of subsoiling and mulch tillage and conventional tillage,and the soil moisture of conventional tillage was the lowest.The contents of organic carbon,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the topsoil of no-tillage with mulch were higher than that of subsoiling and mulch tillage and conventional tillage,and were significantly different with the two traditional tillage modes.The soil enzyme activities of no-tillage with mulch were not significantly improved compared with those of two traditional tillage modes.The yield-increasing effect of no-tillage with mulch was obvious,which increased by 14.63%and 5.07%compared with traditional tillage and subsoiling and mulch tillage,respectively,and was significantly different with traditional tillage.