小麦新品种山农29氮营养特性和产量性状分析

Characteristic Analysis of Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of New Wheat Variety Shannong 29

为明确国审小麦新品种山农29的氮营养特性和产量特性,本试验以济麦22和山农29为供试材料,采用营养液培养试验和田间微区试验,研究了两个小麦品种在正常氮处理和低氮处理条件下苗期和成熟期的氮效率及相关农艺性状。结果显示,山农29和济麦22对低氮环境均具有良好的适应性。本试验条件下,两品种低氮处理下苗期生物量和成熟期籽粒产量均无显著下降,但两品种产量及氮效率相关性状之间存在显著差异。苗期低氮处理下,山农29的根长、根干重和干重根冠比显著高于济麦22,分别比济麦22高14.14%、4.48%和13.46%。山农29苗期对硝态氮和铵态氮的吸收速率均高于济麦22。成熟期正常氮处理下,山农29的千粒重、籽粒产量、氮收获指数和籽粒氮利用效率均显著高于济麦22,分别比济麦22高11.07%、12.00%、3.90%和11.76%;低氮处理下,山农29的千粒重、穗数、籽粒产量、籽粒氮含量、籽粒氮累积量、氮收获指数和籽粒氮利用效率均显著高于济麦22,分别比济麦22高7.58%、11.62%、18.67%、10.29%、31.09%、6.33%和7.89%。在正常和低氮处理下,山农29灌浆后期旗叶中的叶绿素含量均显著高于济麦22,分别比济麦22高11.67%和38.05%,这有利于山农29延长灌浆时间,增加千粒重。可见,与济麦22相比,山农29对低氮环境具有更强的适应性,收获期有更高的氮效率和产量,具备氮高效品种的营养特性。

Shannong 29 was a new wheat variety approved in China in 2016.The objective of this study was to investigate the nitrogen nutrition and yield characteristics of Shannong 29.In this experiment,with Jimai 22 and Shannong 29 as test materials,the nitrogen efficiency and related agronomic characters of the two wheat varieties under normal and low nitrogen treatment conditions were studied by the nutrient solution culture and field microarea tests.The results showed that Shannong 29 and Jimai 22 had good adaptabilities to low N environment.There was no significant decrease in seedling biomass and grain yield at maturity stage under the two nitrogen treatments,but there were significant differences on the yield and nitrogen efficiency related traits of the two varieties.Under the low nitrogen treatment at seedling stage,the root length,root dry weight and ratio of root to shoot of Shannong 29 were significantly higher than those of Jimai 22,which were 14.14%,4.48%and 13.46%,respectively.The absorption rates of ammonium-N(NH+4-N)and nitrate-N(NO-3-N)of Shannong 29 were higher than those of Jimai 22.Under normal nitrogen treatment at maturity stage,the thousand grain weight,grain yield,nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen use efficiency of Shannong 29 were significantly higher than those of Jimai 22,which were 11.07%,12.00%,3.90%and 11.76%,respectively.Under low nitrogen treatment,the thousand grain weight,spike number,grain weight,content of grain nitrogen,nitrogen accumulation of grain,nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen use efficiency of Shannong 29 were significantly higher than those of Jimai 22,which was 7.58%,11.62%,18.67%,10.29%,31.09%,6.33%and 7.89%,respectively.Under normal and low nitrogen treatment,the content of chlorophyll in flag leaves of Shannong 29 was significantly higher than that of Jimai 22,which was 11.67%and 38.05%,respectively.It was beneficial to the extension of milking time and the increase of thousand grain weight in Shannong 29.Compared with Jimai 22,Shannong 29 had better adaptability to low nitrogen environment,had higher nitrogen efficiency and yield at harvest time,and possessed the nutritional characteristics of high nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)variety.