非法集资行为的“国家规定”与司法判断标准——以行政犯相关理论为视角

“National Regulations” and Judicial Judgment Standards for Illegal Fundraising——From Relevant Theories of Administrative Offenses

非法集资类犯罪包括"集资诈骗罪"等刑事犯和"非法吸收公众存款罪"等行政犯。以"国家规定"为中心,可将非法集资类案件划分为四个类型:第一类型是合法的集资行为,这类集资行为不具有被认为是犯罪的可能;第二类型是非法集资行为,该类集资行为面临行政处罚等后果;第三类型是行政犯型非法集资犯罪,该类集资行为被"国家规定"认为是"非法",满足了行政犯型非法集资犯罪的前提条件,司法机关可独立认定该集资是否构成犯罪;第四类型是刑事犯型非法集资类犯罪,该类非法集资案件同"国家规定"无直接关系。互联网金融被"国家规定"即《普惠金融发展规划》确认为合法,不应再被司法机关认为是犯罪。"地方规定"和地方政府的具体行政行为不属于"国家规定",其对于集资性质的认定应该在行政诉讼中受到司法机关的审查。

Illegal fundraising crimes include both“ndraising fraud”and other administrative offenses like“llegal deposits from the public”Focusing on“national regulations”,illegal fundraising cases can be divided into four types.The first type is legal fundraising which does not have the possibility of being considered a crime.The second type is illegal fundraising which faces administrative punishments and other consequences.The third type is illegal fundraising of administrative offences.This type of fundraising is considered“illegal”by the“national regulations”and satisfies the preconditions for illegal fundraising of administrative offences.Judicial organs can independently determine whether such fundraising behavior constitutes a crime.The fourth type is the illegal fundraising of criminal offenses which is not directly related to the“national regulations”.Internet Finance is recognized as legitimate by the“National Regulations”,namely Inclusive Financial Development Planning,and should not be considered a crime by the judiciary."Local Regulations"and specific administrative acts of local government do not fall into the category of the“National Regulations”,and the identification of the nature of fundraising in view of the former should be censored in administrative proceedings.