基于第一和第二次全国土地调查数据的我国土地利用变化特征分析

Analysis of Land Use Change Characteristics in China Based on the First and Second National Land Survey Data

[目的]了解1996—2009年我国各省土地利用变化情况,掌握各类用地的变动趋势,为各地土地利用规划和土地开发、保护提供科学依据。[方法]基于2次全国土地调查数据,对全国31个省的土地利用动态度和土地利用结构信息熵的时空变化进行了分析。[结果]我国的土地利用变化与各地区自然资源特征和经济发展程度密切相关,其中,耕地、水域及水利设施用地整体"西增东减",林地、草地则整体由东向西增量逐渐增加,园地向西部和南部增加、黄渤海地区缩减,城镇村及工矿用地由东部沿海向内陆地区增加量逐渐减少,交通运输用地南北激增,其他土地则由东向西减少量逐渐增加,且经济发展较快地区各类用地的变化率都相对较大,同时,耕地、园地、林地、水域及水利设施用地的变化还与各地自然资源分布特征关系较大;土地利用结构信息熵的空间分布总体为熵值由东向西减少,且相较第一次全国土地利用调查,第二次全国土地利用调查时信息熵的变化总体表现为"东增西减"。[结论]我国土地利用结构有序度由西向东递减,且在这14年期间东部地区的土地利用系统有序度在进一步下降,土地利用结构趋于复杂,均衡度上升。

[Objective]The research aimed to understand the change of land use in the provinces of China from 1996 to 2009 and master the changing trend of land use to provide scientific basis for land use planning and land development and protection.[Method]This paper analyzed the temporal dynamics of land use type dynamics and land use structure information entropy in 31 provinces of China based on the two national land survey data.[Result]The land use change was closely related to the characteristics of natural resources and the degree of economic development in different regions.Among them,the cultivated land,water and water conservancy facilities land as a whole“West increase and East minus”,woodland and grassland as a whole from east to west increments gradually increased,the garden grew to the west and south,shrank in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea Region,urban villages and industrial and mining land from the eastern coast to the inland areas increased gradually,transportation land increased sharply in north to south area,while other lands decreased from east to west,moreover,the rate of land change was relatively large in areas with relatively fast economic development,at the same time,the changes of cultivated land,garden land,forest land,water area and water conservancy facilities were closely related to the distribution characteristics of natural resources.The spatial distribution of the information entropy of land use structure was generally manifested as the decrease of entropy from east to west,and compared to the first national land survey,the information entropy changes in the second national land survey showed“East increase and West decrease”,this shows that the order of land use structure in China is decreasing from west to east.[Conclusion]The order of land use system is decreasing further,the land use structure tends to be complex,and the equilibrium degree rises in the eastern region during these 14 years.