高速公路隧道入口段照明动态阈值区间研究

A Study of Dynamic Threshold Interval of Illumination at Entrance Sections of Expressway Tunnels

为满足隧道智能调光技术的发展要求,提高隧道入口段驾驶员安全舒适性,利用眼动仪进行实车试验,研究公路隧道入口段驾驶员视觉特性。采用瞳孔面积变化率和反应时间表征驾驶员行车舒适性及安全性,建立与亮度折减系数、车速2项指标的回归模型,并以此基于确定高速公路隧道入口段照明动态阈值区间。以张承高速(张家口—承德)小三岔口隧道为例计算隧道入口段照明动态阈值,求解得到满足小三岔口隧道行车安全舒适性的亮度折减系数区间为[0.033,0.050],对调光方案进行节能计算,方案实施后预计隧道半幅在24h内约节能20%。该模型可保证各时段隧道入口段照明环境满足驾驶员视觉需求。

In order to meet requirements of intelligent dimming technology for tunnels,and to improve driving safety and comfort at entrance sections,field tests at entrance sections of expressway tunnels are conducted using eye-tracker to study visual characters of drivers.Parameters as change rate of pupil area and reaction time are used to describe comfort and safety of the drivers.Regression models of both parameters with luminance reduction coefficient and speed are established.Base on the results,the dynamic threshold interval of illumination at entrance sections of expressway tunnels is determined.The Xiao Sanchakou Tunnel at the Zhang-Cheng(from Zhangjiakou to Chengde)Expressway is taken as a case study.The reduction coefficient interval of luminance is[0.033,0.050],which can meet the requirements of driving safety and comfort in this tunnel.A dimming scheme is proposed,which in calculation can save energy about 20%within 24 h for a one-way tunnel.The models can ensure luminous environments of entrance sections of expressway tunnels meet visual requirements of drivers at different time.