负荷方案对普通大学生最大摄氧量有效测定的影响

The Effect of Load Scheme on the Maximum Oxygen Uptake Test about Ordinary College Students

以自主研发的功率自行车为运动平台,通过探讨适宜的直接测试方案,试图获得一定条件下精确、有效的最大摄氧量VO2 max。对大学生24人(男性)进行最大摄氧量值的测试,测试程序包括基本身体指标的筛选、静息指标的建立与评价、两种运动方案的设计。方案一以50 W起,50 W/3 min进行递增直至力竭;方案二以50 W起,依据心率变化来增加负荷,力争9~12 min达到力竭。结果受试者5项基本身体指标的P值均大于0.05,没有显著的差异性,这里以身体脂肪率(BFR值)作为一级淘汰指标,身体质量指数(BMI值)作为二级参考指标。建立了24人的静态指标数据库,并选取静息代谢率(RMR)与静态心率(HR)作为评价指标。VO_(2max)主要测试指标及判断标准包括5项:最大心率(HR_(max))=190~210次/min、血乳酸浓度≥10.7 mmol/L、测试时间≥9~12 min、RPE(rating of perceived exertion)值、摄氧量平台。方案一中高达71%的人群有氧能力处于低级别,仅有2人的有氧能力被划分在高等级中,VO_(2max)=(36.78±8.70)mL/(kg·min),整体有氧能力属于正常偏低的情况。方案二中42%的人群有氧能力属于中等级别,低级和高级各占33%和25%,较方案一有提升的趋势,VO_(2max)=(43.31±10.64)mL/(kg·min),属于正常中等的情况。静息指标RMR和HR的数据评价良好,理论上保证后续VO_(2max)测试的精确性和有效性。方案一与方案二中获得的最大摄氧量满足了至少3项测试指标阈值,数据有效。从精确度上来说,方案二设计的测试更合理,获得的最大摄氧量更精确。

Based on the independent-developed power bicycle,a feasible test scheme is discussed to obtain accurate and effective maximum oxygen uptake(VO 2 max).The VO 2 max of 24 ordinary college students(male)were tested.The test procedures included the screening of body index,establishment and evaluation of resting index,and the design of two sports programs.The one plan was designed as this way,started with 50 W,and then gradually increased 50 W for every 3 min until the exhaustion limit,while the another plan was also designed with the start of 50 W,but increasing the load according to the heart rate variation,and expecting to reach the exhaustion limit in 9~12 min.For all subjects,the P values of the 5 basic body indexes were all greater than 0.05,and there was no significant difference.The body fat rate(BFR)was used as the primary elimination index,and the body mass index(BMI)was used as a secondary reference index.A database of resting index was established,and resting metabolic rate(RMR)and static heart rate(HR)were selected as evaluation indexes.The main test indexes and judgment standards of VO 2 max included 5 items:maximum heart rate(HR max)was 190~210 times/min,blood lactic acid concentration was greater than or equal to 10.7 mmol/L,test time was greater than or equal to 9~12 min,RPE(rating of perceived exertion),and oxygen uptake platform.In the first plan,up to 71%of the subjects were at a low level of aerobic capacity,and only two subjects were divided into high grades.VO 2 max=(36.78±8.70)mL/(kg·min-1),and the overall aerobic capacity was on the low level.In the Second plan,42%of the subjects were at the middle level of aerobic capacity,the lower and the higher accounted for 33%and 25%.Compared with the first scheme,there was a trend of promotion,VO 2 max=(43.31±10.64)mL/(kg·min-1),which belonged to normal medium.The data of resting index RMR and HR were well evaluated,theoretically ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of subsequent VO 2 max testing.The maximum oxygen uptake obtained in the two plans had reached at least 3 test index thresholds,and the data was effective.In terms of accuracy,the second plan was more reasonable and the maximum oxygen uptake obtained is more precise.