两宋影祠之争初探

A Comparison Between Yingtang and Citang in the Song Dynasties

唐代家庙制度毁于五代,北宋时期影堂成为家族举行典礼的重要场所,从南宋开始,影堂逐渐被祠堂代替。影堂是民间自发形成的,它在家族身份地位、祭祀对象和规制规范方面存在诸多混乱与矛盾,只能作为一种过渡性的制度而存在。祠堂则顺应和总结了两宋时期宗法运动的内在要求,成为影堂的取代者。它历史性地更新并重新确立了稳定宗法制的要件,在南宋以后得以广泛普及。

The temple system of the Tang Dynasty was destroyed in the Five Dynasties.Yingtang became an important place for the family to hold ceremonies in the Northern Song Dynasty.From the Southern Song Dynasty,Yingtang was gradually replaced by Citang.As Yingtang was spontaneously formed by the people,it caused many confusions and contradictions to the status of family,worshipping targets and regulations.Therefore,Yingtang only exists as a transitional system.Citang conformed to and summarized the inherent requirements of patriarchal movement during the Song Dynasties and became a substitute for Yingtang.It has historically updated and re-established a stable patriarchal system and hence became very popular after the Southern Song Dynasty.