1491例变态反应性疾病患者过敏原检测结果分析

Result analysis of allergen detection in 1491 cases of allergic diseases

目的调查分析常州地区变态反应性疾病患者常见过敏原的分布情况,比较不同年龄阶段、不同季节的过敏原有无差异。方法选取本院2016年1月～2018年1月收治的1491例变态反应性皮肤病患者,采用16种过敏原对患者进行皮肤点刺试验,生理盐水作阴性对照,以组胺作阳性对照。结果 1491例变态反应性皮肤病患者常见过敏原阳性率从高到低依次为:粉尘螨89.67%、户尘螨86.38%、油菜花7.11%、葎草花粉6.37%蟑螂4.76%、猫毛3.76%。过敏原的季节性来分析:粉尘螨、户尘螨、夏季最高;春天比其他三个季节低;各种花粉在夏季最低,蟑螂夏季最高。粉尘螨、户尘螨、猫毛、狗上皮、狗毛季节性变化不是太明显。粉尘螨、户尘螨、猫毛、牛奶、鸡蛋黄未成年组高于成年组(P<0.05)。葎草花粉、油菜花粉、蟑螂成年组高于未成年组(P<0.05)。过敏原在同年龄阶段的男女中间的差异不明显(P>0.05)。结论在常州地区,最主要的过敏原为粉尘螨、户尘螨、油菜花,过敏原在不同季节、不同年龄阶段分布不同,为本地区常见变态反应性疾病的防治提供科学依据,皮肤点刺试验用于明确变态反应性疾病致敏原因安全有效。

Objective To investigate the distribution of common allergens in patients with allergic diseases in Changzhou,and compare the differences in allergens of different ages and seasons.Methods A total of 1491 patients with allergic dermatitis treated in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected.The skin prick tests were performed using 16 allergens.Normal saline was used as a negative control and histamine was used as a positive control.Results The positive rate of common allergens in 1491 cases of allergic dermatitis was as follows in descending order:dust mite 89.67%,house dust mite 86.38%,cole 7.11%,valerian pollen 6.37%,cockroach 4.76%,cat hair 3.76%.In the seasonal analysis of allergens,the positive rate of dust mites and house dust mite was highest in summer,and the positive rate in spring is lower than that of other three seasons.The positive rate of pollen is lowest and the positive rate of cockroach in summer.The seasonal changes of dust mite,house dust mite,cat hair,dog epithelium and dog hair are not obvious.The positive rate of dust mite,house dust mite,cat hair,milk,and egg yolk in the underage group was higher than that in the adult group(P<0.05).The positive rate of herba pollen,rape pollen,and cockroach in the adult group were higher than that of the adult group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in allergens between men and women of the same age(P>0.05).Conclusion In Changzhou,the main allergens are dust mites,house dust mites,and rape blossoms.Allergens are distributed differently in different seasons and at different ages,which provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of common allergic diseases in the region.It is safe and effective for skin prick test to clarify the cause of sensitization of allergic diseases.