分享经济下的劳动控制与工作自主性——关于网约车司机工作的混合研究

Labour Process Control and Job Autonomy in Sharing Economy: A Case Study of Online Car-hailing Drivers' Work

本文采用混合研究的方法对国内某移动出行平台上司机的劳动过程及劳动供给进行了分析。与传统劳动过程控制不同的是,平台对劳动控制变得更加碎片化,平台对劳动过程的控制和劳动者拥有工作自主权是同时并存的。在此判断基础上,本文提出了平台控制劳动过程并使劳动者产生工作认同的三种核心机制,即工作自主性机制、计薪与激励机制以及星级评分机制。在这些机制的作用下,劳动者对平台与平台规则形成了主动认同与被动接受的复杂主观感受与工作体验。同时,本文通过对15484名样本司机的数据分析,论证了司机对工作的认同可转化为超额劳动,但在转化过程中存在着身份的差异。

With the high-speed development of sharing economy,scholars are paying close attention to the model of employment and the relations between the platform and labours.Based on the theory of labour process,this paper uses case study to study the labour process on the mobile travel platform.We found that the labour process included the control of labour from the platform and the task autonomy of labours at the same time,which was different from the traditional labour control.Following this viewpoint,the paper proposed three kinds of mechanisms through which the platform control the drivers’labour and manufacture drivers’consent.These mechanisms are:freedom in the labour process,payment and motivation system,and the star rating mechanism of labours’work.Under the influence of these mechanisms,labours have complicated consciousness and experience about the platform and their work,including voluntary identification and passive acceptance.Through data analysis,the paper proved that the consent with work could turn into excess labour’Group differences in the process of change are also discussed.