基层公共农技推广对农户技术采纳的影响——以水稻科技示范为例

The Impacts of Grassroots Public Agricultural Technology Extension on Farmers' Technology Adoption:An Empirical Analysis of Rice Technology Demonstration

本文利用11省份994户水稻种植户调查数据,在采用倾向得分匹配法克服农技推广内生性问题的基础上分析了基层公共农技推广对农户农业技术采纳的影响。研究发现,基层公共农技推广在一定程度上提升了农户的技术采纳水平,具有部分的溢出效应且不同经营规模的农户受益程度不同。相对于非示范村农户,基层公共农技推广显著提升了示范户测土配方施肥、秸秆还田和病虫害绿色防治技术的采纳水平,也显著提升了示范村非示范户测土配方施肥和秸秆还田技术的采纳水平,但并未显著提升其病虫害绿色防治技术的采纳水平;经营规模细分后的估计结果显示,基层公共农技推广对小规模经营农户技术采纳有显著的正向影响,对大规模经营农户技术采纳无显著影响。因此,应进一步提升基层公共农技推广的溢出效应,对于不同类型的农业技术要分类指导,且在推广对象选取时不应过分强调经营规模,对小规模经营农户也要给予充分关注。

This article analyzes the impacts of grassroots public agricultural technology extension(GPATE)on farmers’technology adoption based on survey data from 994 rice farmers in 11 provinces.It uses the propensity score matching to overcome the potential endogeneity of technology extension.The results indicate that GPATE promotes technology adoption to some extent,generates partial spillover effects and different benefits for farmers with varied scales of operation.Compared to farmers in non-demonstration villages,GPATE significantly promotes the adoption behaviors of demonstration households in testing soil for formulated fertilization,straw returning and green-controlling of pests and diseases.It also significantly promotes the adoption behaviors of non-demonstration households in demonstration villages in testing soil for formulated fertilization and straw returning,yet without significant impacts on using green-controlling of pests and diseases technology.Moreover,GPATE significantly promotes technology adoption behaviors of small-scale farmers,but it has no significant positive impact for large-scale farmers.Future policies should work to enhance spillover effects of GPATE,give classified guidance for different technologies,avoid overemphasizing scale operation in selecting extension targets,and give more attention to small-scale farmers.