上海市城乡结合部不同年龄阶段老年人养老需求分析

Analysis of old-age needs of the elderly people in different age stages in the urbanrural conjunction in Shanghai

目的:探讨上海市城乡结合部不同年龄段老年人的养老需求,为养老服务新模式的建立提供参考。方法:采用系统抽样方法抽取闵行区虹桥社区卫生服务中心5个社区卫生服务站管辖区域内55~70岁、71~80岁和80岁以上3个不同年龄段的884名老年人作为研究对象。通过社区门诊及家访形式进行问卷调查,了解不同年龄段老年人群的基本信息、健康状况、生活背景、经济收入、养老需求及其影响因素。结果:3组老年人多数为已婚、初中以上学历、有独生子女;多数老年人的主要经济来源为工资或离退休工资、健康状况比较良好;半数以上老年人觉得生活质量普通、生活便利程度一般、对目前的养老状况较为满意,生病后每次或大多数情况下均有人陪同;多数老年人因为怕影响子女的工作、生活而选择机构养老,能承受的机构养老费用多数在3 000~5 000元之间,其差异不具有统计学意义(P均>0.05);3组老人在期待哪些社区养老服务项目和认为阻碍选择机构养老的主要原因方面的差异存在统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论:不同年龄阶段老年人的社区养老服务需求存在较大不同。城乡结合部在开展针对不同年龄阶段老年人的社区养老服务时,应充分考虑到这些影响因素,切实满足老年人多样化的养老需求。

Objective:To discuss old-age needs of the elderly in different age stages in the urban and rural junction in Shanghai to provide reference for the establishment of a new mode of old-age care services.Methods:A systematic sampling method was used to select 884 elderly people aged from 55 to 70 years,71 to 80 years,and over 80 years old in three different age groups within the jurisdiction of 5 community health service stations in Hongqiao Community Health Service Center of Minhang District as the research objects.A questionnaire survey was conducted through community outpatient visits and home visits to understand the basic information,health status,living background,economic income,old-age needs and influencing factors of the elderly people in the different age groups.Results:Most of the three groups were married and had junior high school or above and a child;the main economic sources of the majority of the elderly were wages or retired wages,and their health status was relatively good;more than half of the elderly people felt that their quality of life was common,their living facilities were normal,they were satisfied with the current state of old-age care,and they were accompanied by people in every or most of the cases after illness;most elderly people chose institutions for pension because they were afraid of affecting their children’s work and life,the most affordable institutional pension costs were between 3 000 Yuan and 5 000 Yuan,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05);there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in which community pension service projects were expected and the main reasons that were considered to hinder the selection of institutional pension(P<0.05).Conclusion:There is a big difference in the demand for community old-age care services for the elderly at different age stages.When carrying out community old-age care services for the elderly people in different age stages,all these influencing factors should be fully taken into consideration to effectively meet the diversified old-age needs of the elderly people.