关中—天水经济区生态环境功能分区研究

Study on the ecological environment function regionalization of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region

生态功能分区是自然资源合理管理及持续利用的基础。依据生态功能分区的基本原则,在综合考虑关中—天水经济区自然环境和人文环境特征的基础上,选取土地利用类型、植被归一化指数(NDVI)、干燥度指数、河道和水源地以及古城等因子,建立生态功能分区的指标体系。基于遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对区域进行生态功能分区并对各分区生态环境的保护目标及发展方向提出科学规划。结果表明,研究区可被划分为6个重要生态功能区:(1)农业种植区,整治重点为提高耕地质量,防治土壤次生盐碱化;(2)植被保护区,整治重点为保护现有植被,封山绿化,营造水土保持林和水源涵养林;(3)防旱抗旱区,整治重点为合理利用牧草地资源,选用蒸散较小的耐旱植被涵养水源,控制土壤干旱化;(4)河道保护区,整治重点为注重河道水质的改善和河道两岸的水土保持工作;(5)水源涵养区,整治重点为加强保护水源涵养林,提高林分质量和功能;(6)古城保护区,整治重点为保护古城历史环境、建设古城生态环境、发展文化旅游产业。研究结果为明确区域生态环境保护目标和生态整治重点提供科学依据。

Ecological function regionalization is the basis for the rational management and sustainable utilization of natural resources.According to the basic principles of ecological function regionalization,this paper selects factors such as land use type,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),aridity index,river,water source and ancient city based on comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of natural environment and human environment in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region,and establish the index system of ecological function regionalization.With the support of RS and GIS,the ecological function regionalization of the study area was realized,and a scientific plan for ecological environment protection objectives and development direction of each ecological function area was proposed.The study area was divided into six major ecological function areas:(1)Agricultural planting area,the focus of its renovation was to improve the quality of cultivated land and prevent secondary salinization of soil;(2)Vegetation protection area,the focus of its renovation was to protect the existing vegetation,to cover the mountain greening,and to create soil and water conservation forest and water conservation forest;(3)Drought and drought-resistant area,the focus of its renovation was the rational use of pasture and grassland resources,selection of drought-tolerant vegetation with small evapo-transpiration to conserve water sources,and control soil aridity;(4)River protection area,the focus of its renovation was to strengthen the soil and water conservation work on both sides of the river,and pay attention to the improvement and protection of the river water quality;(5)Water conservation area,the focus of its remediation was to strengthen the protection of water conservation forests,improve the quality and functions of forest stands;(6)Ancient city protection area,the focus of its renovation was to protect the historical environment,excavate the historical value,construct the ecological environment of the ancient city,and develop the cultural tourism industry.This study provided a scientific basis for clarifying the target of ecological environmental protection and ecological rehabilitation priorities.