化肥减施对设施番茄生长生理、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reducing on Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomatoes

【目的】研究化肥减施对设施番茄生长、生理及产质量的影响。【方法】以番茄为试验材料,试验设置4个处理:常规施肥(CK),化肥减施15%(OPT-15),化肥减施30%(OPT-30),化肥减施45%,分别测定番茄生长、生理、产量和品质相关指标。【结果】与常规施肥相比,化肥减施15%能够促进植株的株高和茎粗的生长,提高番茄单果重和产量,增加果实的糖酸比,但降低了叶片厚度、果实中总糖和VC的含量。化肥减施30%促进了植株的茎粗生长、增强了番茄叶片的光合速率,增加了叶片厚度,提高了番茄单果重和产量,增加了果实中总糖、VC含量和糖酸比,增产提质效果较好。化肥减施45%降低了植株株高和茎粗的生长,减小了叶片厚度,糖酸比降低,但增加了叶片的光合速率、单果重和产量,果实中总糖和VC的含量也有所增加。【结论】化肥减施30%不仅减少了化肥的投入,而且可以适当提高番茄产量和果实品质。

【Objective】To analyze effects of fertilizer reduction on leaf photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes.【Method】Four treatments were set up in the experiment:conventional fertilization(the CK,chemical fertilizer reduction by 15%(OPT-15),chemical fertilizer reduction by 30%(OPT-30)and fertilizer reduction by 45%(OPT-45)to measure relative indexes of growth,physiology,yield and quality of tomatoes.【Result】Results showed that compared with CK,reduction of fertilizer by 15%promoted the growth of the plant height and stem diameter,increased weight of average tomato fruit and yield,increased the sugar and acid ratio of fruit but the thickness of leaves,the content of total sugar and VC in fruit were decreased.Reduction of fertilizer by 30%promoted the growth of the plant stem diameter,and enhanced the photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves,increased leaf thickness,improved the weight of average tomato fruit and production,increased the total sugar,VC content in fruit and sugar acid ratio,all in all,the effect of increasing production and improving quality was better.Reduction of fertilizer by 45%reduced the growth of plant height and stem diameter,reduced the blade thickness,decreased the sugar acid ratio,but increased the leaf photosynthetic rate,single fruit weight and yield and increased total sugar and VC content in fruit.【Conclusion】Thus,it can be seen that reduction of chemical fertilizer by 30%can not only reduce the input of fertilizer,but also improve the yield and fruit quality of tomato.