新疆部分生态区亚洲飞蝗地理种群形态变异研究

Morphological Variation of Geographical Populations of Asian Locusta migratoria in Some Ecological Areas in Xinjiang

【目的】研究部分生态区散居型亚洲飞蝗形态特征的地理变异,分析亚洲飞蝗形态特征与生态适应性的关系。【方法】通过利用数值分类方法,测定与分析富蕴县、托克逊县、哈巴河县实验种群、和硕县、玛纳斯县、哈密市农十三师黄田农场庙尔沟地区,采集的散居型亚洲飞蝗标本的体长、前翅长度、前胸背板长度、前胸背板宽度、前胸背板高度、后足胫节长度、后足股节长度、头宽、头高、颜顶角等10个性状,将雌性与雄性成虫共有地理差异的性状进行系统聚类与主成分分析。【结果】雌性成虫不同地理种群体长、前翅长度、后足股节长度、前胸背板长度、前胸背板宽度、前胸背板高度、后足胫节长度等性状之间存在极显著差异,雄性成虫体长、前翅长度、前胸背板长度、前胸背板高度、颜顶角等性状之间存在极显著差异,不同地理种群亚洲飞蝗的雌雄成虫之间分化程度不一致。亚洲飞蝗的雌性与雄性成虫体长、前翅长度、前胸背板长度、前胸背板高度等性状不同地理种群之间都具有明显的差异性。各个性状之间存在相互促进,共同变异的现象。聚类分析结果中,6个地理种群分为两个类群,富蕴县、哈巴河县、和硕县地理种群聚为一个类群,玛纳斯县、哈密黄田庙尔沟、托克逊县聚为一类群。主成分结果中,暖温带荒漠气候托克逊县地理种群与暖温带大陆性干旱气候和硕县地理种群单独分布,而大陆性寒温带干旱气候富蕴县地理种群与大陆性北温带寒冷气候的哈巴河县实验种群分布在一起,属温带大陆干旱性气候的玛纳斯县地理种群与哈密市黄田庙尔沟地理种群分布在一起。【结论】分布于新疆富蕴县、托克逊县、哈巴河县实验种群、玛纳斯县、和硕县、哈密市农十三师庙尔沟生态区散居型亚洲飞蝗地理种群之间存在明显的形态变异现象,形态上的变异是否与生态环境因素有关尚不明确。

【Objective】To explore the geographic variation of scattered type of Locusta migratoria L populations in some ecological areas in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the study of the relationship between locust morphological characteristics and ecological adaptability.【Method】By using numerical classification method,the ten traits of experimental populations of Fuyun County,Toksun County,Habahe County and the geographical populations of the scattered Locusta migratoria L in Manasi County,Hexud County and Miaoergou ecological area of the thirteenth Agricultural Production Division of Hami City,such as the length of body,the elytron length,the pronotum length,the width and the height of the pronotum,the posterior femur length,the tibia length,width and height of the head,and fastigium were measured and analyzed.After that,systematic clustering and principal component analyses of the common geographical differences between female and male adults were conducted.【Result】There were significant differences between different geographic populations of Locusta migratoria L male and female adults in terms of the elytron length,the width and the height of the pronotum and fastigium,etc.However,among different geographic populations of male and female adult Locusta migratoria L.,elytron length,pronotum length,pronotum height characters had obvious difference.There was a phenomenon of mutual promotion and common variation among the characters.In the result of cluster analysis,6 geographical populations were divided into two groups.The geographical population of Fuyun County,Habahe County and Hexud County belonged to one group,and the other one in Manasi County,Miaoergou ecological area of Huangtian in Hami and Toksun County was in an another group.The principal component results showed that the geographical populations of the continental arid climate in warm temperate zone in Toksun County and the middle warm temperate zone desert climate in Hexud County were separately distributed,while the geographical population of the continental cold temperate zone in Fuyun County was distributed together with the experimental population of the continental north temperate zone of the Habahe County.The geographical population of Manas County,which belonged to the temperate continental arid climate,was distributed together with the geographical population of Huangtian Miaoergou in Hami City.【Conclusion】There are obvious morphological variations between experimental populations of Fuyun County,Toksun County,Habahe County and the geographical populations of the scattered Locusta migratoria L in Manasi County,Hexud County and Miaoergou ecological area of the thirteenth Agricultural Production Division of Hami City,Xinjiang,however,it is not clear whether the morphological variation is related to ecological environmental factors.