我国医学本科生创新创业现状的文献系统评价

Systematic Review on the Status of Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Medical Students in China

目的系统评价我国医学本科生创新创业的现状,为培养医学生创新创业能力提供参考。方法检索中国知网、万方、维普和读秀数据库从建库至2018年4月我国医学本科生创新创业现状研究的文献,按照美国卫生保健质量和研究机构推荐的文献质量评价标准对纳入的文献进行评价,提取文献信息及结局指标(医学生创新创业的意识、认知、动机、教育、实践或影响因素)。结果 (1)纳入45篇文献,15篇为创新研究,30篇为创业研究;文献数量呈递增趋势,近三年文献占56%;(2)高质量文献1篇,中等质量文献34篇;(3)半数以上学生希望创新创业,但还停留在"想"的阶段;50%左右的学生认为创业是开创一个事业或企业或公司;选择创新创业最主要的原因是锻炼自己的能力,因兴趣爱好选择创新创业的仅占1/5;近80%的学生未参加过创业项目或培训;有9.7%~14.3%的学生对创新创业教育满意;影响创新创业的因素主要包括缺少参与科研活动的机会、资金不足、创业经验不足、缺乏家庭与社会支持。结论我国医学生创新创业的研究数量和质量偏低。医学生创新创业存在许多问题,创新创业教育尚不能满足医学生需求,影响医学生创新创业的主要因素是缺乏家庭和社会支持。建议高校重视创新创业教育及相关研究,多措并举促进医学生创新创业,并提高创新创业的研究质量。

Objective Evaluating the status of innovation and entrepreneurship of medical students in China in order to provide references for cultivating medical students’innovation and entrepreneurship ability.Methods The relevant literatures in CNKI,Wanfang database,Weipu database and Duxiu database were searched from the establishment of the database to April,2018.The studies were evaluated according to the standard recommended by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality Institutions.The information and evaluation index including medical students’innovative and entrepreneurship consciousness,cognitive,motivation,education,undertaking practice or influence factors were derived.Results 45 literatures were included,15 papers were innovative and the others were entrepreneurial.The number of literatures has been increasing,accounted for 56%in recent three years.Only one paper was high quality literature,and the others were medium quality.More than half of the students wanted to be innovative,but stay in the“think”stage.About 50%of students believed that entrepreneurship meant starting a career or business or company.The most important reason of entrepreneurship was to develop their own abilities,only 1/5 of students were interested in innovation and entrepreneurship.Nearly 80%students did not participate in entrepreneurship programs or training.Only 9.7%-14.3%students had higher satisfaction in education.Factors affecting innovation and entrepreneurship mainly included the lack of the opportunities of participating in scientific research activities,experience,sufficient funds,family and social support.Conclusion The research amount and quality of innovation and entrepreneurship of medical students in China were low.Many problems needed to be solved.The education couldn’t meet the needs of medical students.The main factors affecting the innovation and entrepreneurship of medical students were lacking of sufficient support of universities and society.Some suggestions were made from the study that medical colleges or/and universities should reinforce the education and research of innovation and entrepreneurship,promote innovation and entrepreneurship of medical students by taking measures,and improve the quality of innovation and entrepreneurship research.