汪凤藻的译者惯习和资本及其在晚清翻译场域的轨迹

Wang Fengzao's Habitus and Capital and His Trace in the Translation Field of the Late Qing Dynasty

汪凤藻是近代中国在西学东渐过程中培养的第一位重要翻译家。目前学界对于汪凤藻在京师同文馆翻译活动中的参与情况缺乏具体分析,因而对于其在《富国策》等译作的翻译中所起的作用定性不准,评价有失客观公正。本文运用布迪厄场域理论分析汪凤藻的惯习和资本的形成过程,考察在晚清中国翻译场域中的活动轨迹,试图厘清其译者惯习和资本在《富国策》等翻译活动中所起的作用和参与翻译的具体模式,认为《富国策》等译本的翻译模式是汪凤藻的外籍老师丁韪良确定翻译策略和最终润色定稿,他则贯彻翻译策略并负责微观文本塑性的合译,因而《富国策》的译著权当属师生二人,而其采用的翻译语言和翻译策略都深受汪凤藻的惯习和资本的影响。汪凤藻在法律、政治经济学和英语文法翻译方面的贡献开了近代中国人走上翻译舞台之先河。

Wang Fengzao is the first important translator cultivated in the Westernization Movement in contemporary China.Up to now,the specific role played by Wang Fengzao in translation activities in Tongwen Collage has been misunderstood due to lack of thorough study in academia.The paper exams in details the formation of Wang Fengzao’s habitus and capitals to clarify his trace in the translation field of the Late Qing Dynasty,probes his translation practices and the shaping effect of his habitus and capitals on those activities,and argues that Fuguoce is actually a unique teacher-student co-translation with the teacher Martin(Chinese name Ding Weiliang)as the macro-strategy maker and target-text reviser and the student Wang Fengzao as the practitioner,and the language employed and realization of the strategy in translation are effectively influenced by Wang Fengzao’s habitus and capitals,enriching the related studies in translation history.And Wang Fengzao’s contribution in translation of law,political economy,and English grammar marks the prelude to contemporary Chinese stepping into translation forum.