过年的过程性与地方性:从传统传承到细节表达——以浙江过年文化为例

Procedurality and Locality of Spring Festival Ritual:From Inheritance of Tradition to Expression of Details Based on a Case Study of Zhejiang Spring Festival Ritual

过年是中华民族最重要的传统节日,它历史悠久,影响深远,不仅对汉民族,而且对中华民族中的四十多个民族都有巨大影响。它通过节日但又并不仅限于简单的节日,而是在一个长达十多日,甚至数十日的过程中进行并加以完整地呈现。由于中华民族地域广阔、人口众多,因此,在过年的核心文化如除夕的祭祖、年夜饭、穿新衣和春联、拜年、燃放鞭炮等得到普遍传承的同时,人们更多的是通过存在于不同地区具有差异性的文化方式来表达家庭团圆、尊祖敬宗、去旧迎新、联络亲情、娱乐休闲等共同的文化主题。浙江是中华民族各区域中具有代表性和典型意义的区域,其所处的独特地理环境和历史文化融合,使这一区域的过年文化,既有传统的特点,又有区域的特色,但它通过过程化的过年和细节性差异的文化体现来传达人们对于上述过年文化的核心内涵,则具有代表性,非常值得关注和研究。

The Spring Festival ritual is an important part of the Chinese culture with a long history and far-reaching impact.It has a huge influence on the shaping of Han people as well as on more than 40 other minorities in China.It is carried out through festivals but not limited to simple festivals,but is fully presented in a process that lasts for more than ten days or even dozens of days.Due to the regional variations in China with a large population,in addition to the core ritual such as ancestor worshiping,New Year’s Eve dinner,wearing new clothes,Spring Festival couplets,paying New Year’s visits,and setting off firecrackers,people in different places develop various ways to celebrate Spring Festival,including family reunion,honoring ancestors,welcoming new year,connecting family members,entertainment,leisure and other common cultural themes.Zhejiang is a representative region in China in terms of Chinese culture with its unique geography and history.Zhejiang’s Spring Festival ritual shows a continuation of the Chinese tradition with its own regional characteristics.Its expression through procedurality and regional differences reflects the core values of Spring Festival culture,which is very representative and worthy of attention and research.