当经济下行碰头就业压力——对中国城乡劳动力市场状况的分析

When Employment Pressure Meets Growth Slowdown:An Analysis on China's Urban and Rural Labor Market

近年来,中国失业人数一直呈攀升趋势,2010年失业人数突破2200万,2016年达到3091万,是新中国成立以来失业人数最多的年份。无论是政府相关部门还是学术界,均倾向于将中国劳动力市场基本态势定位为"低失业率"和"充分就业"。本文利用国家统计局公布的数据,分析了城镇本地劳动者、城镇外来劳动者和农村非农劳动者三个群体的失业状况,发现城镇本地劳动者和农村非农劳动者的失业率最高,本文还分析了就业形势严峻的原因。

China s total unemployment population has been increasing in recent years.The number of the unemployed surpassed 22 million in 2010 and reached a record-high of 30.91 million in 2016.However,the severe unemployment does not get deserved attention,and both government and academia still view China s labor market as“low unemployment”and“sufficient employment”.With labor market data released by National Bureau of Statistics of China,this paper compares the unemployment situation among urban local workers,migrant workers in cities and towns,and rural non-agricultural labors,and finds that urban local workers and rural non-agricultural labors have the highest unemployment rates.This paper also explores possible reasons that academia understate China s employment situation.