汉语新诗用韵的基本类型

The Basic Types of Rhymes Used in Chinese New Poetry

汉语新诗有幸同时接受了中西诗歌的用韵传统,在百年创作实践中形成了传统型、现代型和无韵体三种基本韵式。传统型韵式偏重传统继承又有所改造,其新变表现为:由音数整齐诗行韵发展为音数参差诗行韵;由相隔一行押韵发展为相隔多行押韵;由同韵持续到底发展为有规律地换韵;由四行节偶行节韵发展为多行节奇行节韵。现代型韵式偏重西律借鉴又有所创新,其创新表现为:由韵式固定模式发展为韵式自由模式;由单用西诗韵式发展到杂用西诗韵式;由单独使用脚韵发展为多位诗韵并用;由使用同辙诗韵发展为采用近似辙韵。汉语新诗在借鉴欧洲无韵诗体基础上出新,出现了依据放松传统音律来建构音律的无韵诗、依据词语同音堆集来建构音律的无韵诗和依据对等复现原则来建构音律的无韵诗。

Chinese new poetry has been fortunate to accept both Chinese and Western poetry’s tradition of using rhyme,and has formed three basic rhymes of traditional type,modern type and unrhymed type in the 100-year creative practice.The traditional rhyme style emphasizes the traditional inheritance and reform,and its new changes are as follows.The neat poetry line rhyme is developed into the mixed poetry line rhyme and the rhymes separated by one line is developed into rhymes separated by multiple lines.The same rhyme is developed into the regular change of rhyme,and four-line stanzas with even-numbered line rhymes are developed into multiline stanzas with odd-numbered line rhymes.The modern rhyme style emphasizes the Western rhyme and also has some innovations.Its innovations manifest themselves as follows.The rhyme mode is developed into a free rhyme mode.The single use of Western poetry rhyme is developed into the miscellaneous Western poetry rhymes.The use of the foot rhyme is developed into the multi rhymes.Besides,the use of the same rut rhyme is developed into the similar rut rhymes.By drawing on the European non-rhyme style,Chinese new poetry has been innovated.There appear the non-rhyme poems based on the relaxation of the traditional rhythm,the nonrhyme poems based on the lexical homophones,and the non-rhyme poems based on the principle of equivalence and repetition.