论汉藏语言高元音的类型与共性

On the Typology and Universals of Close Vowels in the Sino-Tibetan Languages

高元音在中国境内汉藏语言音系中的分布具有类型学意义。从出现频率来看,/i/和/u/极为常见,/y/和/?/较为常见。从前高元音来看,/i/较之/y/更为常见;从后高元音来看,/u/较之/?/更加常见。高元音与辅音韵尾的结合能力具有倾向性共性,鼻音韵尾的组合能力最强,塞音韵尾的组合能力次之,而其他辅音韵尾的组合能力最弱。本文收集了95个中国境内汉藏语言中的高元音数据,统计出高元音在中国境内汉藏语言中的分布类型,探讨了高元音的特殊性质(比如长短、鼻化等)以及与其他音类之间的组合类型。

The distribution of close vowels in the Sino-Tibetan language phonological system in China is of typological significance.In terms of the frequency,/i/and/u/are very common,and/y/and/w/are more common.From the close front vowel,/i/is more common than/y/.From the perspective of close back vowel,/u/is more common than/w/.There is a tendency to combine close vowel and consonant coda in that nasal coda is the strongest,followed by plosive coda,while the other consonant coda is the weakest.This paper collects high vowel data from the 95 Sino-Tibetan languages in China,statistically analyzes the distribution of high vowels the Sino-Tibetan languages,and discusses the special nature of high vowels(such as length,nasalization,etc.)and the combination type with the other sounds.