贵琼语的元音和谐研究

A Study of Vowel Harmony in Guiqiong Language

本文基于笔者田野调查的语料,以四川省甘孜州康定县麦崩乡的贵琼语为例,研究贵琼语的元音和谐现象。贵琼语的元音和谐现象不仅出现在"名词+数词‘一’+量词"词组里,数词"一"的元音由其后量词的元音决定;还出现在动词系统里,动词否定前缀、禁止前缀和疑问前缀的元音由动词词干的元音决定。贵琼语的元音和谐系统应用两个对立性区别特征[±舌前性]/[±舌高性]将其所有元音划分成了A/B/C三大类。其元音和谐系统属于复合系统,既有腭和谐,还有舌位高度和谐。贵琼语的元音和谐属于逆向和谐,因存在一个中性元音/?/而属于非绝对性元音和谐系统;若按照触发元和目标元来分,可分为词干控制型和显性隐性优选型两种和谐类型。

This paper discusses the vowel harmony(VH)in Guiqiong language,a Tibetan-Burmese language of Dar.rtse.mdo County(Kangding)of Dkar.mdzes Prefecture(Ganzi),in Sichuan province of China.The vowel in the first syllable of the classifier or in the first syllable of the verb in Guiqiong language decides the vowel in the numeral one preceding the classifier or vowel of the negative,prohibitive and interrogative prefix.Two distinctive features[±front]/[±high]divide the vowels of Guiqiong language into three groups of A/B/C.The types of VH in Guiqiong language are described as palatal and tongue height.There exists an example of regressive harmony in Guiqiong language,which possesses a non-absolute vowel harmony system because there is a neutral vowel/?/.Therefore,the vowel harmony processes in Guiqiong language are stem-controlled and dominant-recessive vowel harmony.