教育信念与弱势文化资本:农民工子女家庭教育的张力研究

Educational belief and weak cultural capital:family education tension of migrant workers′children

通过对农民工随迁子女家庭教育的实地研究发现,"考大学"作为农民工及其随迁子女共同的教育信念,农民工对这种信念存有迟疑,并会从"知识改变命运"到"读书是孩子的事情"再到"靠他自己努力"的流变。这背后在于,农民工随迁子女的家庭教育遭遇了诸多张力,如时间张力、知识张力、环境张力和习性张力。即教育信念与弱势文化资本的不匹配所致,通过家校机制和社会机制,家庭文化资本的匮乏使得农民工子女接受一种弱势教育,他们停滞在原来的阶层位置,难以通过教育实现向上流动,沦为新一代农民工。因此,政策调整要以消除农民工子女家庭教育的张力,促进农民工子女社会融入、促进教育公平为出发点,强化"知识改变命运"的教育信念,提升农民工子女的教育质量对于国家和社会而言,都是一门必修课程。

This paper discusses the family education tension problem of migrant workers.Through the field investigation,it finds that entering college becomes the common education belief of migrant workers and their children,but this is hesitated belief which could transform from"knowledge change destiny"to"schooling is a child's business"to"academic achievement depends on their own efforts".Behide is the fact that family education encounters many tensions,namely,time shortage,knowledge deficiency,conditional disorder and habitus crudity,which are caused by the mismatch between educational belief and their weak cultural capital.Thus policy adjustment should be aimed at eliminating the tension of the family education,promoting social integration of the migrant workers′children and improving equal access to education.Strengthening educational belief that"knowledge changes the destiny",and promoting educational equality is compulsory for the country and society.