企业产品市场竞争地位促进技术创新研究

Research on the Competitive Position of Enterprise Products Market Promoted Technological Innovation

当前,我国上市公司面临严峻的市场环境,产品市场竞争深刻影响企业的研发行为。追求垄断利润是创新活动的重要目的,它既可以鼓励中小企业进行研发活动以追求赶超,也可能导致大企业持续增加研发投入以维持市场地位。由此,经典的经济管理学文献围绕熊彼特假说提出了"促进论""抑制论"和"倒U形理论"等多种不同理论,结论尚不统一。基于这一视角,对相关文献进行梳理和分析,并对我国上市公司的市场竞争地位和研发行为进行实证检验,研究结果表明:现阶段我国上市公司的市场竞争地位正向影响企业的研发行为,这一结论支持并丰富了"促进论"的相关研究框架;企业进行研发决策主要出于应对同行压力的动机;另外,研究结果显示企业产权性质和市场化指数也是影响企业研发行为的重要原因。最后,提出了提高我国上市公司创新能力的若干政策,并特别指出,建立公平有效的市场竞争秩序,是提高我国自主创新能力的关键所在。

At present,China's listed companies are confronted with severe market environment,and product market competition has a profound impact on the R&D behavior of enterprises.The pursuit of monopoly profits is an important purpose of innovation activities.It can not only encourage small and mediumsized enterprises to carry out R&D activities in pursuit of catching up,but also can lead large enterprises to continuously increase R&D investment to maintain market position.As a result,classical economic management literature has put forward a variety of different theories around Schumpeter hypothesis,such as“promoting theory”,“inhibiting theory”and“inverted U-shaped theory”,and the conclusion is not uniform.Based on this perspective,this paper combs and analyzes related literatures,and empirically tests the market competitive position and R&D behavior of listed companies in China.The research results show that the market competitive position of listed companies in China at present positively affects the R&D behavior of enterprises,and this conclusion supports and enriches the related research framework of“promotion theory”.The decision-making of R&D in enterprises is mainly motivated by coping with peer pressure.This paper also finds that the property right nature and marketization index of enterprises are also important reasons that affect the R&D behavior of enterprises.Finally,some policies to improve the innovation ability of listed companies in China are proposed,and it is especially pointed out that establishing a fair and effective market competition order is the key to improve China's independent innovation ability.