行政下乡与自治下沉:国家政权建设的新趋势

Administration to Countryside and Autonomy Sinking:New Trend of Regime Construction

国家政权建设的关键是发展基础权力,处理好与地方自治单位的关系。现阶段行政下乡取得了显著成效,一方面村级组织的行政化色彩加强,成为乡镇政府的派出机构;另一方面惠农政策进村入户改善了国家与农民的关系,增强了农民对国家的认同感。但是,农村基层行政效率总体不高的现象普遍存在。自治单位从行政村向自然村下沉,激活了村庄社会积累的内生性资源,使得以自然村为边界的社区社会组织兴起,为农民提供了平等参与和民主协商公共事务的空间。这意味着后税费时代国家政权建设不是要完全打碎地方自治单位使国家权力直面农民家庭,而是应重视农村基层社区社会组织的培育和社区自治能力的提升,增强国家通过社会获得权力的能力,构建社会自治协同提升基层行政效力的体制机制,推进农村社会治理的现代化。

The key to regime construction is to divide the boundary of national administration and social autonomy,and build the organic connection mechanism of administrative power and autonomy power.Administration to the countryside has made remarkable achievements at the present stage.On the one hand,the administrative color of village level organizations is strengthened,which becomes the agency of township government.On the other hand,Benefit Farmers Policieshave improved the relationship between the state and farmers,which enhances farmers’sense of national identity.However,the efficiency of administration in rural grassroots is generally not high.Autonomous units and power sinking from the administrative villages to the natural village has activated the endogenous resources accumulated in the rural society,making the community organization which takes natural village as a boundary grow up,and providing space for farmers to be involved in the democratic consultation of public affairs equally.Developing the basic state power still needs to deal with the dialectical relationship between the regime construction and local self-government units and construct the institutional mechanism of social autonomy cooperation to improve the administrative effectiveness of the grass roots so that the modernization of rural social governance will be promoted.