服务型、标准化及复合化:英国污染土地复垦立法的启示

Service-orientation,Standardization and Compounding:Enlightenment from British Legislation on Contaminated Land Reclamation

相对完善的土地复垦立法是指引我国土地复垦监管行为过程切实推进的必备规范依据。英国污染土地复垦立法所设定的监管主体建制、监管客体识别和监管责任形式分别呈现出服务型、标准化和复合化的特点。可借鉴其有益经验,尝试探寻我国土地复垦立法在监管主体、监管客体和监管法律责任相关规范设定方面可能的完善路径。应在土地复垦监管主体所涉组织架构和职权配备事项设定中,凸显权益保障化、效率化、效益化、程序化之服务型要义;应在土地复垦监管客体所涉损毁土地的界定基准、规程事项设定中,凸显实用性、可操作性、制约型、阶段化之标准化要义;应在土地复垦监管法律责任所涉罚则设定和责任减免事项设定中,凸显惩罚性、矫正性、可行性、国家动态干预之复合化要义。

Relatively complete land reclamation legislation is the necessary normative basis to instruct the process of land reclamation regulatory behavior in China.The establishment of regulatory body,identification of regulatory object and form of regulatory liability by the British legislation of contaminated land reclamation is characterized with service-orientation,standardization and compounding respectively.We can learn from its useful experience and try to seek possible improvement path of China’s land reclamation legislation in the relevant norms setting of regulatory body,regulatory object and regulatory legal liability.In the setting of organizational structure and authority equipment related to land reclamation regulatory body,the service-oriented essence such as rights protection,efficiency,benefit and procedure should be emphasized.In the setting of identification standards and rules of destroyed land related to land reclamation regulatory object,standardization essence such as practicability,maneuverability,restraint and layering should be emphasized.In the setting of penalties enactment and liability relief related to land reclamation regulatory legal liability,compounding essence such as punishment,rectification,feasibility and national dynamic intervention should be emphasized.