《小雅·鹿鸣》与《诗经》中的燕飨诗

“Xiao Ya Lu Ming” and the Banquet Poetry In The Book Of Songs

《诗经》中有一定数量的燕飨诗,燕飨诗的产生与周代社会性质及周代礼乐文明有直接的关联。燕飨之礼只是手段,巩固政权才是目的。《鹿鸣》位于《小雅》开篇,是一首天子宴享群臣的燕飨诗。诗中有两个关键词需要注意,一是"嘉宾",一是"周行",不同解说反映出对诗义的不同理解。《鹿鸣》一诗的主旨,毛诗解为颂美诗,鲁诗解为讽刺诗,均包含一定的政治教化意义。古人对于《鹿鸣》诗义解说,体现出作诗义、用诗义、读诗义的差别。

The Book of Songs consists of a number of banquet poems whose origins share direct connections with the social property as well as the etiquette and music civilization of Zhou Dynasty.The etiquette of banquets is merely means,but consolidating the regime is the end.Lu Ming,the first poem in Xiao Ya is a banquet poem about Tian Zi banqueting his courtiers.Two key words need to be paid attention to,that is“Guests”and“Zhou Xing”.Different interpretations reflect different comprehensions of the poem.The subject of Lu Ming is interpreted by Mao’s Poetry as an anthem and Lu’s Poetry as a satire,but both of which manifest certain sense of political indoctrination.The ancient interpretations of Lu Ming reflect the differences among composition,utilization and comprehension of the meanings of poetry.