教育与改良——20世纪30年代华北基督教教会学校乡村建设述论

Education and Improvement:A Review of Christian Church Schools Rural Construction in North China in 1930s

20世纪30年代,面对华北农村积贫积弱的现状,华北各类教会学校纷纷参与到乡村建设中,开展了颇有特色的改良活动。齐鲁大学、燕京大学除了设立专门的乡村试验区外,还注重培养农业人才,开展农业改良,并加强了与地方政府、民间团体的合作;华北的铭贤学校、同仁中学等多处教会中学,也通过兴办农场,开设农业课程及开展家庭教育等形式参与乡村建设,部分神学院也开展了乡村改良试验;河北基督徒学生联合会还开辟了北安河村、萧家村等多个乡村试验区,并组织学生到试验区开展各种乡村服务。纵观华北教会学校的乡村建设,虽然活动区域有限,但一定程度改变了华北乡村的落后面貌,从经济、文化等方面改善了民众的生活水平。然而,为不触及核心问题的局部改良运动,它无力从根本上改变乡村积弊。

Facing the current situation of rural poverty in North China,all kinds of Christian church schools in North China were involved in rural construction and carried out special improvement activities in 1930s.The Cheeloo University,Yenching University also paid attention to the cultivation of talents of agriculture,agricultural improvement,and strengthened cooperation with the local government,non-governmental organizations in addition to the establishment of specialized villages experimentation areas.The Mingxian school,Tongren school and other church middle schools also set up the farm,offered courses about agriculture and carried out family education to take part in rural construction in North China.Some theology schools also made the rural improvement experiment.Hebei student Christian federation also opened the North Anhe village,Xiaojia village rural experimentation areas,organized the students to offer rural services in the test areas.Although the church schools of rural construction areas in North China were limited,they had changed the backwardness of North China country to a certain extent and improved the level of people s life from the economic and cultural aspects.Of course,as a part of reform movement which didn t touch the core problems,it couldn t change the country s long-standing problems literally.