电子证据真实性的三个层面--以刑事诉讼为例的分析

Three Dimensions of Authenticity of Electronic Evidence

电子证据真实性的三个层面是指电子证据载体的真实性、电子数据的真实性和电子证据内容的真实性。从电子证据真实性的三个层面进行分析,可以发现我国法律规定和司法实践中有关电子证据真实性的规则存在四个方面的问题:真实性审查规则没有区分三个层面以及明确三个层面之间的审查顺序;对各个层面的审查规则缺乏系统、明确的规定;对不同层面同类问题的规则没有作出区分;电子证据真实性的保障措施和审查方式亟需完善。未来相关规则的完善,应从以下四个方面进行:区分电子证据真实性的三个层面,并明确审查顺序;针对不同层面建立系统、明确的审查规则;明确区分针对不同层面同类问题的规则;实现技术措施与程序规则的有效配置与衔接,并确保电子证据在庭审中通过直接言词的方式进行质证。

The three dimensions of authenticity of electronic evidence refer to the authenticity of the carrier of electronic evidence,the authenticity of electronic data and the authenticity of the content of electronic evidence.The three dimensions of authenticity of electronic evidence have different connotations,which lead to different rules and requirements on evidence collection and examination in court.This redefinition theory helps to uncover four basic problems in Chinese statutes and judicial practice concerning the authenticity of electronic evidence,that is,the lack of distinction and sequence of examination among the three dimensions of authenticity of electronic evidence,the lack of systematic and clear rules on each dimension of authenticity of electronic evidence,the overlapping of rules on similar issues in different dimensions of electronic evidence,and the defects in the method of guaranteeing and examining the authenticity of electronic evidence.In the future,the three dimensions of authenticity of electronic evidence should be distinguished and the examination sequence should be specified,systematic and clear rules on the examination of electronic evidence in different dimensions of authenticity should be established,distinction among different rules on similar issues in different dimensions of authenticity of electronic evidence should be made very clearly,and lastly,different technical methods and procedural rules concerning the authenticity of electronic evidence should be constructed and connected effectively and the mode of examination of electronic evidence in court should be reconstructed in a direct and verbal way.