读者与报纸、党政军的联动:《晋察冀日报》的阅读史

Interactions among Readers,Newspapers and the Party,Government and Army Authorities: the Reading History of the Jin-Cha-Ji Daily News

站在读者的视角,寻找读者的蛛丝马迹,对《晋察冀日报》的阅读史进行研究,既是改变报纸的传统研究方法的有益尝试,也是中共革命史研究的一项重要内容。《晋察冀日报》作为党政一体的党报,其读者不仅有广大民众,也有党政军各级干部、工作人员和编辑记者。读者获取报纸的渠道,是敌后战争环境下报社、党政军机构和读者共同完成的一个网络,送报人员付出了辛勤汗水乃至生命代价。读者的阅读方式,既有个人阅读,也有集体阅读,以自愿组织的读报组最具特色。读者阅读后的反应,是经由报纸的指引,投入边区建设,基本实现了党和政府的意志。读者还向报纸提出意见,发表呼声,形成编读之间的双向互动。在以上过程中,读者虽有其独立性、能动性,但党政军机构的指示、规定和支持更有其不可忽视的塑造威力,这是党报不同于一般报纸的根本特征。

This article takes the readers’perspective to investigate the reading history of the Jin-Cha-Ji Daily News,a newspaper run by the local Communist party and government,so as to shed new light on the revolutionary history of the Communist Party of China.The readers of this newspaper included ordinary people,cadres and staff members from all levels of the party,government and army organs,as well as editors and journalists.Readers obtained the newspaper through a network behind the frontline,a network maintained together by the editorial office of the newspaper,the party,government and army organs,and the readers themselves.The newspaper was read individually and collectively,in particular,in reading groups organized voluntarily.The newspaper inspired readers to devote themselves into the local construction and persuaded them to follow the will of the party and government.Readers also sent their opinions to the newspaper to show their agency.In general,the commands,regulations,and support from the party,government and army authorities were dominant power to shape the newspaper,and in turn made it a party organ fundamentally different from an ordinary newspaper.