民国时期西藏盐茶局成立时间与官职考

A Research of the Establishment Date and the Officials of "the Tea & Salt Bureau" in Tibet during the Period of the Republic of China(1912-1949)

民国以降,十三世达赖喇嘛为改变西藏现状推行新政,成立一批新设机构以适应时局需要,甲擦列空(ja-khral-las-khungs汉译作盐茶局)即为其中之一。文章依据史料对其成立时间及官员品级进行辨析,认为,西藏地方于1913年成立甲擦列空,于1914年开始对盐、茶进行征税,1915年开始对作为进出口货物的羊毛进行征税。甲擦列空的主管僧俗官员在品级上均属四品官员,某些官员获封札萨、台吉等头衔。文章还从当时西藏面临的局势入手考察了成立盐茶税收机构的必要性,对其成立的作用做了进一步分析。

In the period of the Republic of China,the 13th Dalai Lama implemented"New Policies"in order to change the situation of Tibet by setting up a number of new institutions for the needs of the political situation,"the Tea&Salt Bureau(ja-khral-las-khungs)"was one of them.A research has done on the establishment data and officials of the bureau,and the result shows that the bureau was established in 1913,and it began to collect tax from tea and salt trade in 1914 and from wool trade in 1915.The officials in the bureau were in the fourth grade of rank,and some of them were granted some titles.The article discusses the necessity of establishing the bureau based on the situation in Tibet then,and makes a further analysis on the function of the bureau.