出口产品质量升级能否缓解中国对外贸易摩擦

May the Export Product Quality Upgrading Reduce China's Foreign Trade Frictions

本文在Joséand Jean(2015)的出口产品质量选择模型基础上,构建两国三种产品的出口博弈模型,引入国际市场不同国家同质产品竞争效应,基于企业出口遭受反倾销的视角探究出口产品质量升级能否缓解中国对外贸易摩擦,并利用2000—2007年中国工业企业数据库、中国海关数据库和全球反倾销数据库匹配的细分产品数据集进行实证检验。研究发现,当产品为低端产品或处在中端产品中较高水平或高端产品中较高水平时,出口产品质量升级有利于减少进口国对中国企业出口的倾销认定;当产品质量处于中端产品中较低水平或高端产品中较低水平时,出口产品质量升级将会伴随与国际同类产品的竞争加剧,这将会增加进口国对中国企业出口的倾销认定。此外,产品质量提升与对华反倾销之间的关系因商品敏感性、企业所有制性质、进口国特征等因素而异。这些发现为当前中国出口产品质量升级和中国对外贸易摩擦案件频发并存的现象提供了一个新的解释维度。

Based on the export product quality selection model of Joséand Jean(2015),this paper builds an export game model for the three products of two countries and introduces the competitive effect of homogeneous products of different countries in the international market to explore whether the upgrading of export products could reduce China’s foreign trade frictions from the perspective of enterprises export undergoing anti-dumping.The empirical analysis is conducted by the matching database of China Industrial Firms Database,China Customs Database and World Bank Anti-dumping Database from 2000 to 2007.It is concluded that there is an alternating relationship between the export product quality upgrading and the enterprise export undergoing anti-dumping.When it is a low-end product or a middle-end product with the higher level or a high-end product with the higher level,the export product quality upgrading helps to reduce the probability of enterprises suffering from anti-dumping sanctions;when it is a middle-end product with the lower level or a high-end product with the lower level,the export product quality upgrading would be accompanied by intensified competition with similar products of the destination countries,thereby causing the export enterprises to suffer more anti-dumping sanctions.In addition,the relationship between the product quality enhancement and the anti-dumping sanctions of export enterprises is influenced by factors such as the sensitivity of exporting product,the nature of enterprise ownership,and the characteristic of importing countries.These findings provide a new explanation for the current coexistence phenomenon of China’s export product quality upgrading and increasing foreign trade frictions.