产业创新与消费升级:基于供给侧结构性改革视角的经验研究

Industrial Innovation and Consumption Upgrade: An Empirical Study Based on the Perspective of Supply-side Structural Reform

新时期的中国经济在保持"稳中趋好"增长势头的同时,也暴露出以"产能过剩"和"供给缺口"并存为主要特征的结构性问题。能否通过产业自主创新实现"持续改进生产技术(方法)、提高产品质量、有效填补‘供给缺口’,促进消费升级"则是新时期中国实现高质量发展的关键。本文在Ngai and Pissarides(2007)基础上引入不同产业部门自主创新效应和技术吸收效应,刻画了二者影响一国消费结构高级化和总消费增长率的作用机理,同时考察了劳动配置效率改善可能产生的影响。本文证明,提升高端(高技术)产业自主创新效应是推动总消费增长和消费结构改善的关键因素。若自主创新能力和技术吸收能力不变,不同生产部门间劳动力配置改善与否不会对总消费增长率产生影响。产业创新则是通过产出结构高级化这一中介效应促进消费结构升级。本文具有深刻的政策含义:随着中国经济进入新时代,若无进一步产业创新支撑,要素配置效率改善带来的净收益增长空间将快速收窄,只有坚定推行以诱导产业(企业)自主创新为核心的供给侧结构性改革,促使消费升级,才能真正实现高质量发展。

In the new era,the Chinese economy has maintained the momentum of“steady growth”.However,it has also exposed the structural problems that are characterized by the coexistence of“overcapacity”and“supply gap”.Whether or not the companies can achieve“continuous improvement of production technology(methods),improvement of product quality,effective filling of the“supply gap”to promote consumption upgrade”through industrial innovation is the key to achieve high-quality development in China in the new era.Based on Ngai and Pissarides(2007),this paper introduces the innovation effect and technology absorption effect of different industrial sectors,and describes the mechanisms that affect the consumption structure and total consumption growth of a country,and further examines the possible influence of improvement of labor allocation efficiency on total consumption growth.This paper proves that enhancing the innovation effect of high-tech industries is a key factor in promoting total consumption growth and improving consumption structure.If the innovation capability and technology absorptive capacity are not changed,whether or not the labor allocating among different production departments will not have an impact on the total consumption growth rate.Industrial innovation promotes the upgrading of the consumption structure through the mediating effect of the promotion of output structure.This article has profound policy implications:As China’s economy enters a new era,if there is no further support of industrial innovation,the economic growth brought about by the improvement of factor allocation efficiency will quickly decrease.Only by resolutely implementing the supply-side structural reforms that induce industrial(enterprise)innovation,and realizing consumption upgrading we can truly achieve high-quality development.