新一轮集体林权改革后林区农户的林业生产效率研究

Study on the Forestry Productivity of Farmers in Forest Area after the New Forestry Tenure Reform

以浙江省重点林区236户农户2014年的林业生产投入与产出调查数据为基础,利用Bootstrap-DEA方法对农户的商品林生产效率进行测度与分析,并对综合效率进行分解。研究结果表明:浙江省重点林区农户商品林的平均生产效率不高,其中经营用材林的农户的生产效率最高,经营竹林的生产效率最低;农户的纯技术效率普遍高于规模效率;林权改革变量对林业投入具有显著的正向影响、对农户生产效率具有显著的促进作用。

⑴Background--In 2008,the Chinese government promulgated a series of forestry rights reform measures in the hope of improving the efficiency of forestry operations.Then,how does the new forest tenure reform affect the input and output decisions of forest farmers production and thus the economic efficiency of forestry production?To clarify this issue is not only closely related to the income increase of forest farmers,but also of great importance to the sustainable development of forestry.⑵Methods--Field surveys were conducted on farmers in key forest areas in Zhejiang Province in July and August 2014 by using stratified random sampling techniques.Finally,a total of 236 forest farmers were used as samples to measure productivity.Taking the characteristics of farmers and Zhejiang forestry tenure reform policy as the environmental variables,the three-phase DEA combined with Bootstrap method was used to measure the technical efficiency and scale efficiency.⑶Results--The results of the first stage of DEA showed that the average of the overall efficiency is 0.902,of which the average of the pure technical efficiency reaches 1.315,and the average of the scale efficiency is 0.686.It is clear that the productivity of forest farmers in Zhejiang Province needs to be improved,especially for farmers operating bamboo forests and timber forests.Bamboo forests have the lowest pure technical efficiency,and timber forests have the lowest scale efficiency.It can be seen from the distribution of efficiency values that nearly 40%of the sample forest farmers are on the efficiency frontier,but only 26%of farmers have achieved scale efficiency.The second stage of the DEA analysis found that the forest tenure reform had a significant impact on the forestry production of farmers.Whether to obtain forestry loans and whether to join a forestry cooperative has a significant impact on forest farmers capital investment and labor input.Forest land circulation has a significant positive impact on farmer s capital investment,labor input and forestland area under management.The frequency of receiving technical training has a significant impact on forest farmers capital investment and forestland are under management.At the same time,certain characteristics of farmers also have an impact on production inputs.Therefore,the first stage efficiency value is affected by the forest tenure reform variable and the farmers characteristic variable.In the third stage,the efficiency value calculated by removing the influence of environmental variables is lower than the efficiency value of the first stage.After adjusting the efficiency value with Bootstrap technology,the F test is used to prove that the Bootstrap process is necessary to measure the forestry commercial production efficiency.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--The average productivity of farmer commercial forests in key forest areas in Zhejiang Province is not high,among which the farmers operating timber forests have the highest productivity,and the farmers operating bamboo forests have the lowest production efficiency.The pure technical efficiency of the farmers is generally higher than the scale efficiency.More importantly,the forest tenure reform variables have a significant impact on the forestry input and play a significant role in promoting the productivity of the farmers.Forest farmers who have joined forestry cooperatives and obtained forestry loans have higher forestry management enthusiasm.There are great differences in the productivity of different commercial forest types,and the corresponding forest tenure reform policies should also be different.