中国越橘贸易现状及出口竞争力综合评价

The Comprehensive Evaluation of Trade Status and Export Competitiveness of China's Blueberry

从进口额、进口来源地、进口价格3方面概括了中国越橘进口特征,建立越橘产品出口竞争力评价体系,基于主成分分析法,对中国越橘出口竞争力的国际水平进行测算。分析结果表明:中国越橘产品进口贸易的种类和来源地较为集中,中国越橘贸易逆差严重的主要原因在于出口竞争力不足。为缓解贸易逆差,越橘种植基地应加强基础设施建设以提高越橘产量,政府应积极与相关行业协会合作、制定合理行业制度、引导消费者合理消费、准确把握中国越橘产品比较优势、增强出口竞争力、提高国内市场准入门槛、研发具有中国特色的越橘产品。

⑴Background--Although the import and export volume of China s blueberry products has been growing rapidly,the degree of trade imbalances has been increasing year by year,and imports far exceed exports.Excessive imports will impact the domestic market and inhibit the production enthusiasm of China s blueberry product manufacturers.However,scholars currently have little research on the analysis of the current international trade of blueberry products and on the measurement of export competitiveness.⑵Methods--This paper summarizes the main characteristics of the current imports of China s blueberry products from the three aspects of import amount,import source,and import price.Taking the trade data of Chile,the United States,the Netherlands,Canada,Spain,and China s blueberry from 2012 to 2016 as an example,establish an indicator system for evaluating the export competitiveness of blueberry products,and use SPSS software to measure the comprehensive level of export competitiveness of China s blueberry products through principal component analysis.⑶Results--In terms of import trade of China s blueberry,the imports have increased year by year,but the growth rate has slowed down;the imported blueberry products are dominated by fresh blueberry;the main sources of imports are Chile and the United States;and the imported products are high price blueberry products with better quality.The calculation of China s blueberry export competitiveness:China s blueberry has a good foundation competitiveness and ranked No.3;it has poor potential competitiveness,ranking No.6;overall strength is poor,ranking No.6.Chilean blueberry has the strongest export competitiveness,ranking first in all aspects,followed by Spain,Canada,the Netherlands,and the United States.The analysis concludes that the weak competitiveness of China s blueberry exports is the main reason for the great influx of foreign blueberry into our country.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--In order to relieve the trade deficit of China s blueberry and improve the export competitiveness of China s blueberry products,we must first strengthen the infrastructure construction of the blueberry planting base and increase the production of blueberry.At the same time,rectify the order of the blueberry industry market,create a good consumer environment,provide more and better quality blueberry products for domestic consumers,and enhance consumers’satisfaction.Second,accurately grasp the comparative advantages of China s blueberry products and enhance their export competitiveness.The basic competitiveness of China s blueberry products is strong,but the export prices of products are too low.Advanced processing equipment should be introduced to cultivate the in-depth processing capability of products and increase the added value of products.Establish a special scientific research team to fully explore the nutritional value and medicinal value of blueberry,learn advanced blueberry processing and extraction technology from the Netherlands,Spain and other countries,and develop high-quality,high-grade blueberry products.Third,we should improve the entry barriers in the domestic market and develop blueberry products with Chinese characteristics.Most of China s imports are high-quality blueberry products with high prices.The quality of imported products should be strictly examined,and strict technical inspection and quarantine standards for blueberry products should be formulated.In addition,China has abundant wild blueberry resources.We should fully exploit the value of wild blueberry,extend the Chinese wild blueberry industry chain,and export high value-added Chinese wild blueberry products.