专业化茶区产业集群集体效率评价研究——以福建省安溪县专业化茶区为例

Research on Collective Efficiency Evaluation of Industrial Clusters in Specialized Tea Zone: Case Study of the Specialized Tea Zone in Anxi County of Fujian

通过半结构式访谈与问卷调查对福建省安溪县专业化茶区产业集群进行数据收集,采用层次分析法构建专业化茶区产业集群集体效率的评价模型与指标体系并展开实证研究。结果表明:该产业集群内部企业的集体效率较强,集群集体效率与企业规模之间总体呈现正相关;较大规模的企业因生产要素等优势而享有更多专业性基础服务设施和科研机构支持,在产品生产、产品销售等方面体现较强的独立性,企业间的合作或竞争具较低程度的依赖性和相关性;而规模较小的企业对生产商间的水平联合行动,与集群内部的垂直联合行动,与其他厂商之间的竞争合作双边关系,亦或政府协会所给予的协助支持,都显示出较强的依赖性和相关性。

⑴Background--With the integration of industrial clusters into economic globalization,many studies are to solve the problems of insufficient cooperation,internal closure and so on,researches on the collective efficiency of industrial clusters.However,in the current related researches,most scholars focus on empirical analysis and conclude on this basis,and still have not formed a systematic theoretical system.At the same time,there is still a lack of research on the collective efficiency of specialized agricultural zone clusters.⑵Methods--The industrial cluster of specialized tea zone in Anxi County of Fujian Province was selected to make a research.By the methods of semi-structured interviews and questionnaire survey,and on the basis of the previous evaluation index system of specialized agricultural zone,a more targeted evaluation index system for the collective efficiency of specialized tea zone clusters is proposed.Based on the analytic hierarchy process,the collective efficiency of the industrial clusters was evaluated and analyzed.And further research and discussion were taken on the relationship between the external economy,joint action and overall evaluation results in collective efficiency and enterprise scale.⑶Results--The results of the research indicate that the internal enterprises of the industrial clusters in the specialized tea zone of Anxi County generally feel strong collective efficiency.First,in terms of the external economy,the industrial clusters in the specialized tea zone of Anxi County has a significantly higher demand for raw materials,tea seedlings and other factors in the production input of monetary external economy;the support for technological external economic research and the demand for the factors of specialized research are obviously higher.In the joint action,the support of the government and the association played an extremely important role in the multilateral relationship of the industrial clusters in the specialized tea zone of Anxi County.Second,the collective efficiency of the clusters is positively correlated with the overall scale of the enterprises.Among them,there is a positive correlation between the external economy of the industrial clusters and the scale of the enterprises,and the joint action of the industrial clusters is not related to the scale of the enterprises.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--With the advantages of production factors,technical equipment and external markets,larger enterprises have strong independence in product production,technical support and sales,and show a relatively low degree of dependence and relevance on the cooperation or competition among enterprises.Smaller-scale enterprises cannot complete the entire value chain process of goods by themselves because of limited production factors and technologies,so products do not have advantages in the external market.They all show strong dependence and correlation to horizontal joint action among producers and vertical joint operations within the cluster,or bilateral relations of competition and cooperation with other vendors,or support provided by the government association.The external economy of the clusters has become a core factor in improving the competitiveness of specialized agricultural zone clusters,and joint operations among enterprises have gradually become the focus of attention in the growth of industrial clusters.The research and construction of the collective efficiency evaluation index system of specialized tea zone clusters can effectively quantify and evaluate the collective efficiency of specialized tea zone clusters,so as to provide theoretical basis and decision making reference for industrial clusters of China s specialized tea zone,and even for industrial clusters of specialized agricultural zone,to achieve the improvement of collective efficiency and the upgrade governance of cluster value chain.