论朱熹格物论视域中的“物” “理”与“知”

Research on Wu,Li and Zhi in Zhu Xi's Gewu Theory

在朱子思想中,格物致知是一种以道德为进路的人生修养工夫。格物工夫的对象是生活世界中的切近之"物",其前提与出发点是善端良知的"已知之理"。从内容上来看,格物之求其"所当然之则"是在具体情境中、始终围绕"本然"之道德倾向进行的道德认知与权衡,而求其"所以然之故"则是对"所当然之则"的反身体察与确信。格物致知的最终目的就是要达到"知至意诚"的道德自由境界。

In Zhu Xi′s thoughts,Gewu Zhizhi is a self-perfection of life by morality.The object of Gewu is those things directly relevant to oneself in the living world.Its foundation and starting-point is the known Li from the intuitive knowledge.The quest for Suodangran,in the content of Gewu,is the moral learning and weighing which revolves the moral orientation called Benran in a special situation.The quest for Suoyiran is the self-introspection and confirmation of Suodangran.The ultimate objective of Gewu is to realize the state of moral freedom named Zhizhi Yicheng.