近20年来风电场(群)对气候的影响研究进展

Advances in research of influence on climate of the group of wind farms in past 20 years

随着风电场的大规模开发,其对气候的影响受到关注,自2000年以来美国和欧洲等国陆续开展了一定的研究,中国也开展了一些观测和模拟研究,对已有研究进行综述可指导这项工作的进一步开展。通过对文献的梳理,总结了风电场对气候影响的研究进程、研究方法、影响机理和研究成果。大量观测和数值模拟结果显示风电场会导致地表气温上升,风电场下游一定距离范围内风速衰减,并间接影响降水、蒸发等其他气象要素,风电场对局地气候变化产生影响的结论具有较高信度;部分模式模拟结果显示未来大规模风电场(群)开发对全球气候也有可能产生一定影响,但仍需进一步的探索。

With the large-scale development of wind farms,its influence on climate is concerned.Since 2000,a few of studies have been carried out in countries such as the U.S.and Europe.China is still in the infancy,and the review of existing research can guide the further development of this work.The research progress,methods,influence mechanism and research results of impacts of wind farms on climate were summarized.A large number of observation and simulation results show that wind farms caused the rise of surface temperature and attenuation of downwind speed,it also affected precipitation,evaporation and other meteorological elements indirectly.The conclusion that wind farm has an influence on local climate change has reliability.Some model simulating results show that large-scale wind farm groups in the future may have an impact on global climate and further exploration is needed.